The projection constant for the trace class

DOI10.2140/APDE.2025.18.527MaRDI QIDQ7023474zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Andreas Defant, Daniel Galicer, Martín Mansilla, Mieczysław Mastyło, Santiago Muro

Publication date 21 February 2025

Published in Analysis \& PDE (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.2140/APDE.2025.18.527

harmonics local invariants in Banach spaces projection constant trace class operators

Spherical harmonics (33C55) (L^p)-spaces and other function spaces on groups, semigroups, etc. (43A15) Asymptotic theory of Banach spaces (46B06) Local theory of Banach spaces (46B07) (Spaces of) multilinear mappings, polynomials (46G25) Linear operators belonging to operator ideals (nuclear, (p)-summing, in the Schatten-von Neumann classes, etc.) (47B10)

Review text

For a Banach space \(X\), let us denote by \(\lambda(X)\) the projection constant of \(X\) (i.e., the supremum over all Banach spaces \(Y\) of the infimum over all projections \(P: Y \longrightarrow X\) of the norms \(\|P\|\)). Denoting by \(\mathcal{L}(\ell_2^n)\) the space of all linear operators on \(\ell_2^n\), and \(\mathcal{H}(n)\) the space of Hilbert-Schmidt operators on \(\ell_2^n\), it is well known that \N\[\N\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty}\frac{\lambda(\mathcal{H}(n))}{n} =\frac{\sqrt \pi}{2} \quad \hbox{and} \quad \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty}\frac{\lambda(\mathcal{L}(\ell_2^n))}{n}=\frac{\pi}{4}.\N\]\NRecall that the singular numbers \((s_k(u))_{k=1}^n\) of \(u \in \mathcal{L}(\ell_2^n)\) are given by the eigenvalues of \(|u|=(u^*u)^{1/2}\), and that the \(1\)-Schatten class \(\mathcal{S}_1(n)\) by definition is the Banach space of all operators on \(\ell_2^n\) endowed with the norm \(\|u\|_1 = \sum_{k=1}^n |s_k(u)|\). By classical results of \textit{Y.~Gordon} and \textit{D.~R. Lewis} [Acta Math. 133, 27--48 (1974; Zbl 0291.47017)] and the Kadets-Snobar inequality [\textit{M. I. Kadets} and \textit{M. G. Snobar}, Mat. Zametki 10, 453--457 (1971; Zbl 0229.46018)], the following holds: \N\[\N\frac{n}{3} \leq \lambda(\mathcal{S}_1(n))\leq n.\N\]\NIn the present paper, establishing an integral formula for \(\lambda(\mathcal{S}_1(n))\), the authors are able to derive \N\[\N\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty}\frac{\lambda(\mathcal{S}_1(n))}{n} =\frac{\sqrt \pi}{2}.\N\]\NThe main ingredient to get an integral formula for \(\lambda(\mathcal{S}_1(n))\) is the so-called Rudin averaging technique. The paper is well written and an enjoyable read.

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