The second variation formula for exponentially harmonic maps

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Based on the result of Hong, who gave the first variation formula, the authors derive the second variation formula for exponentially harmonic maps and study some of their properties. They first show the identity map from any compact manifold to itself is always stable as an exponential harmonic map. This is a sharp contrast to the harmonic or \(p\)-harmonic cases where any such identity maps are unstable. Secondly, they also prove that an isometric and totally geodesic immersion of \(S^m\) into \(S^n\) is an unstable exponentially harmonic map if \(m\neq n\) and is a stable exponentially harmonic map if \(m= n\). For related results see \textit{M.-C. Hong} [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 24, No. 5, 488-492 (1992; Zbl 0774.58009)], \textit{P.-F. Leung} [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 29, 380-384 (1984; Zbl 0533.58011)] and \textit{H. Takeuchi} [Jap. J. Math., New Ser. 17, No. 2, 317-332 (1991; Zbl 0754.58009)].











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