The single droplet theorem for random cluster models

The author investigates a family of bond percolation models on \(Z^2\) such that a probability measure \(P\) on \(\{0,1\}^{B(Z^2)}\) is translation-invariant, invariant under \(90^{\circ}\) rotation, and has the FKG property, bounded energy, exponential decay of dual connectivity and \(P_{D,\rho}\) has the FKG property for all \(D,\rho\), where for \(D\subset B(Z^2)\), \(P_{D,\rho}=P(\cdot|\omega_e=\rho_e\) for all \(e\in D^c)\). It is considered the family of droplets, i.e. open dual circuits, in an \(N\times N\) box that results, in the percolating regime, from conditioning on the event that the total area inside large droplets, i.e. diameter at least a large multiple of \(\log N\), is not at least a given large value \(A\). It is proved that under such conditioning there is only a single large droplet, and this droplet approximates a Wulff shape. This differs from existing single droplet results of \textit{R. Dobrushin, R. Kotecký} and \textit{S. Shlosman} [``Wulff construction: A global shape from local interaction (1992; Zbl 0917.60103)] and \textit{D. Ioffe} and \textit{R. H. Schonmann} [Commun. Math. Phys. 199, No.~1, 117-167 (1998; Zbl 0929.60076)] for the Ising model. The author shows that the single droplet result must be obtained from surface tension considerations alone, because the minimum total droplet area \(A\) is imposed on the system, whereas in the Ising model the possibility of two or more large droplets competes with the possibility of removing all but the largest of the large droplets and dispersing the contents of the other large droplets in many small droplets. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0996.00040].

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