The structure of weighing matrices having large weights

DOI10.1007/BF01388384MaRDI QIDQ1804976zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Robert Craigen

Publication date 18 August 1996

Published in Designs, Codes and Cryptography (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01388384

zbMATH Keywords

Golay sequences Hadamard matrix signed group weighing matrix

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Combinatorial aspects of matrices (incidence, Hadamard, etc.) (05B20)

Review text

An important ingredient of this paper is the concept named a signed group, which is, the reviewer believes, worthwhile to be restated here. A signed group \(S\) of order \(s\) is a trio consisting of a group \(G\) of order \(2s\), a central involution of \(G\) denoted by \(-1\) and a transversal \(P\), which is called positive, of \(G\) with respect to \(\langle -1\rangle\). The signed group ring \(\mathbb{Z}[S]\) is the factor ring of the group algebra \(\mathbb{Z}[G]\) by the ideal defined by the identification of \(- 1\) with the number \(-1\). A signed group weighing matrix \(W\) of order \(n\) and weight \(w\) defined over \(S\), which is denoted by \(\text{SW}(n, w, S)\), is a matrix of order \(n\), with all nonzero entries in \(S\) (as elements of \(\mathbb{Z}[S]\)), which satisfies \(WW^*= wI\). Further, let \(\text{SP}_n\) be the group of all signed permutation matrices of degree \(n\). Only the representations of \(G\) to \(\text{SP}_n\) such that \(R(- 1)= -R(1)\) are considered. Now a relevant relation between signed group weighing matrices and ordinary weighing matrices is stated as follows (Lemma 9): Let the degree of \(R\) be \(m\) and let \(V= W(m, v)\) be a weighing matrix of order \(m\) and weight \(v\). If \(W= \text{SW}(n, w, S)\), then \(R(W)(I_n\times V)= W(mn, vw)\), and vice versa. There are many interesting construction (existence) theorems proved in this paper. Here are a few of them (according to the whim of the reviewer). If there is a \(W(n, n- 2)\), then there is an Hadamard matrix of order \(2n\) if \(n\equiv 0\pmod 4\), and order \(4n\) if \(n\equiv 2\pmod 4\) (Theorem 12). If there is a \(W(4n+ 4, 4n+ 1)\), then there is an Hadamard matrix of order \(32(n+ 1)\) (Theorem 19). If there are Golay sequences of length \(g\), then there is an Hadamard matrix of order \(2^7\) \(({g\over 2}\neq 7)\) (Theorem 22).

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