The topology of close approximation

Functions of one variable (26A99) Measurable and nonmeasurable functions, sequences of measurable functions, modes of convergence (28A20) Several topologies on one set (change of topology, comparison of topologies, lattices of topologies) (54A10) Function spaces in general topology (54C35) Baire category, Baire spaces (54E52)

Review text

Let \({\mathcal L}\subset R^ R\) denote the set of all Lebesgue measurable real-valued functions defined on R, and let \({\mathcal L}^+\) denote \(\{f\in {\mathcal L}:\) \(f(x)>0\) for all \(x\in R\}\). The topology of close approximation, \({\mathcal T}_ c\), is defined on \(R^ R\) by taking as a neighbourhood base of \(f\in R^ R\) the sets \(\hat C(f,\epsilon)=\{g\in R^ R|\) \(g(x)-f(x)| <\epsilon (x)\) for all \(x\in R\}\), where \(\epsilon\in {\mathcal L}^+\). The uniform topology, \({\mathcal T}_ u\), is defined on \(R^ R\) by taking as neighbourhood base of \(f\in R^ R\) the sets \(\hat U(f,\epsilon)=(g\in R^ R:| g(x)-f(x)| <\epsilon\) for all \(x\in R\}\), where \(\epsilon \in R^+\), the set of positive real numbers. The Lusin topology, \({\mathcal T}_ L\), of convergence in measure is defined by the neighborhood base of \(f\in R^ R\) \(\hat L(f,\epsilon)=\{g\in R^ R:\lambda^*\{x\in R| g(x)-f(x)| \geq \epsilon \}<\epsilon\}\), where \(\epsilon \in R^+\) and \(\lambda^*\) denotes the Lebesgue outer measure. Clearly \({\mathcal T}_ L\subset {\mathcal T}_ u\subset {\mathcal T}_ c.\) The authors discuss the properties of the spaces (\({\mathcal L},{\mathcal T}_ c)\), (\({\mathcal L},{\mathcal T}_ u)\) and (\({\mathcal L},{\mathcal T}_ L)\) interacting on each other, and the situation of their subspaces, which are summarized as below: 1. \({\mathcal L}\) is a closed \(G_{\delta}\)-set in \(R^ R\), in each of \({\mathcal T}_ L\), \({\mathcal T}_ u\) and \({\mathcal T}_ c.\) Let \({\mathcal L}'\) be the set \(\{\) \(f\in {\mathcal L}:\int_{R}| f(x)| d\lambda(x)<\infty\}\) and \({\mathcal C}\) the set of all continuous functions from R to R. 2. All four spaces \(R^ R\), \({\mathcal L}\), \({\mathcal L}'\) and \({\mathcal C}\) are Baire spaces in all three topologies \({\mathcal T}_ L\), \({\mathcal T}_ u\) and \({\mathcal T}_ c\), except for (\({\mathcal L}',{\mathcal T}_ L)\), (\({\mathcal L}',{\mathcal T}_ u)\) and (\({\mathcal C},{\mathcal T}_ L).\) 3. (\({\mathcal C},{\mathcal T}_ c)\) is discrete. 4. (Miller) The character of (\({\mathcal L},{\mathcal T}_ c)\) is \(2^ c.\) 5. The following functions form a closed nowhere dense set in (\({\mathcal L},{\mathcal T}_ c)\). (a) surjective measurable functions, (b) measurable function that are continuous at least one point, (c) measurable functions that are somewhere of BV (bounded variation on some nonempty interval). 6. The one-to-one continuous functions form a nowhere dense \(G_{\delta}\)-set in (\({\mathcal C},{\mathcal T}_ u)\) and the one-to-one functions are dense in (\({\mathcal L},{\mathcal T}_ c)\), the following are equivalent: (i) K is countably compact, (ii) K is compact, (iii) K is compact and metrizable and (iv) K is finite union \(K_ 1\cup K_ 2\cup...\cup K_ n\), where each \(K_ i\) is a compact subset of \(L_ s(h_ i)\) (in its ordinary Euclidean topology) for some finite \(S_ i\subset R\) and some \(h_ i\in {\mathcal L}.\) For \(f,g\in R^ R\), let \(f\sim g\) be \(\lambda\{x\in R:\) \(f(x)\neq g(x)\}=0\) and [f] the equivalence class of f under this equivalence relation, and let \({\mathcal E}\) denote the set of equivalence classes \(\{[f]: f\in {\mathcal L}\}\). The topologies \({\mathcal T}'_ L\), \({\mathcal T}'_ u\) and \({\mathcal T}'_ c\) on \({\mathcal E}\) are defined in natural sense corresponding to \({\mathcal T}_ L\), \({\mathcal T}_ u\) and \({\mathcal T}_ c\), which are denoted by \({\mathcal T}'_ L\), \({\mathcal T}'_ u\) and \({\mathcal T}'_ c\). Clearly \({\mathcal T}'_ L\subset {\mathcal T}'_ u\subset {\mathcal T}'_ c.\) 8. \({\mathcal E}\) is a Baire space in each of \({\mathcal T}'_ L\), \({\mathcal T}'_ u\) and \({\mathcal T}'_ c.\) 9. (MA) the character of (\({\mathcal E},{\mathcal T}'_ c)\) is c. 10. (CH) (\({\mathcal E},{\mathcal T}'_ c)\) is hereditarily paracompact.

Cites work

Cited in

(12)

This page was built for publication: The topology of close approximation

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q752525)