The trace conjecture -- a counterexample
Index theory (19K56) (K)-theory and operator algebras (including cyclic theory) (46L80) Homology of classifying spaces and characteristic classes in algebraic topology (55R40) Stable classes of vector space bundles in algebraic topology and relations to (K)-theory (55R50) Index theory and related fixed-point theorems on manifolds (58J20)
We cite from the abstract: ``In the paper ``Geometric \(K\)-theory for Lie groups and foliations [Preprint, Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci., Paris (1982)], \textit{P. Baum} and \textit{A. Connes} conjecture in a remark that for a finitely generated group \(\Gamma\) with torsion the trace map \(tr:K_0 (C^*(\Gamma)) \to\mathbb{R}\) maps \(K_0(C^*(\Gamma))\) onto the additive subgroup of \(\mathbb{Q}\) generated by all rational numbers of the form \({1\over n}\) where \(n\) is the order of a finite subgroup of \(\Gamma\). We construct a counterexample to this conjecture. The counterexample is the following: Let \(M^4\) be an aspherical four-manifold with effective action of the finite group \(G=\mathbb{Z}/3 \mathbb{Z} \times\mathbb{Z}/ 3\mathbb{Z}\), obtained by applying the Davis-Januskiewicz hyperbolization technique \(G\)-equivariantly to a hypersurface in \(\mathbb{C} P^3\). Then there is a canonical group extension \[ 1\to\pi_1(M) \to\Gamma \to G\to 1. \] It can be shown that the order of torsion elements of \(\Gamma\) is equal to three. On the other hand, the equivariant signature operator \(D_\Gamma\) on \(\widetilde M\) defines an element \([D_\Gamma]\in K_*^\Gamma (\underline {E\Gamma})\). The number \(tr(\text{Ind}_\Gamma (D_\Gamma))\) is calculated by index theory and shown to be contained in \({1\over 9}\mathbb{Z}\) but not in \({1\over 3}\mathbb{Z}\).
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