Theory of Polynomial Near-Rings
Extending the concept of polynomials from rings to near-rings was accomplished by \textit{S. W. Bagley} [in Nearrings, nearfields and \(K\)-loops, Math. Appl., Dordr. 426, 179-190 (1997; Zbl 0891.16027)] using the techniques developed for matrix near-rings and group near-rings. Subsequently work on these polynomial near-rings was done by \textit{M. Farag} [Commun. Algebra 29, No. 6, 2377-2387 (2001; Zbl 0986.16018) and Algebra Colloq. 9, No. 2, 219-232 (2002; Zbl 1004.16047)]. In this paper, the author makes a substantial contribution to the subject. There are many difficulties in extending concepts from polynomial rings to polynomial near-rings, notably in defining the degree of a polynomial and finding expressions for a polynomial. These are the main topics considered here. Definitions and results are rather long so will not be detailed here. Let \(N\) be a right zero-symmetric near-ring, \(K\) the set of non-negative integers. Polynomial near-rings are defined as the subnear-ring of \(M_N(N^K)\), \(N\) acting on the right on \(N^K\), generated by left multiplication by elements of \(N\) and the right shift operator. The author extends ideas of Bagley from his 1993 dissertation and the paper referred to above. The first idea to be extended is that of symbolically zero polynomials. This leads to an ideal which in effect allows the near-ring polynomials to look like ring polynomials modulo the ideal. By exploiting this extended idea and formal expressions for near-ring polynomials, expressions, which are called linear expressions, are obtained which allow the determination of properties of the polynomial, and calculations to be performed. This is also used to obtain information involving ideals and factor near-rings of the near-ring of polynomials. Finally an example highlighting some of the less agreeable properties of polynomial near-rings is given. -- The results are distinctly non-trivial, and they provide a good foundation for further developments.
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