Thue equations with composite fields
The authors develop a practical method for solving a Thue equation when the corresponding number field contains a subfield of small degree \(\geq 3\). This is particularly useful when the degree of the equation is very high, in which case the ``standard method, as described e.g. in \textit{N. Tzanakis} and \textit{B. M. M. de Weger} [On the practical solution of the Thue equation, J. Number Theory 31, 99-132 (1989; Zbl 0657.10014)] is inapplicable. The authors take advantage of the existence of the ``small subfield, mentioned above, to show that the essential work is done, actually, in this subfield rather than in the initial high-degree field. They use the standard Baker-Wüstholz lower bound for linear forms in elliptic logarithms [J. Reine Angew. Math. 442, 19-62 (1993; Zbl 0788.11026)] in order to obtain an upper bound for the exponents of the unit equation. This huge bound has to be reduced. By a simple, but crucial for the method observation, the authors are led to a two-dimensional reduction problem instead of an \(r\)-dimensional one, where \(r\) is the unit rank of the field. This has as an effect that continued fraction techniques à la Baker-Davenport lemma can be applied, instead of an application of the LLL algorithm to a high-dimensional lattice. The method is applied to prove that the \(p\)th term of any Lucas or Lehmer sequence, where \(p\) is one of the primes 311, 977, 997, 5011, has a primitive divisor. Indeed, by the work of C. Stewart, this problem is reduced to solving specific Thue equations of degree \((p-1)/2\) (cyclotomic equations). The fact that for these equations the corresponding number fields have a subfield of degree 3, 4 or 5, makes the application of the method very efficient.
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