Topological complexity of oriented Grassmann manifolds
Gröbner bases; other bases for ideals and modules (e.g., Janet and border bases) (13P10) Lyusternik-Shnirel'man category of a space, topological complexity à la Farber, topological robotics (topological aspects) (55M30) Homology of classifying spaces and characteristic classes in algebraic topology (55R40)
The topological complexity \(\mathrm{TC}(X)\) of a space \(X\) is a numerical homotopy invariant introduced by \textit{M. Farber} [Discrete Comput. Geom. 29, No. 2, 211--221 (2003; Zbl 1038.68130)] in order to study the motion planning problem in robotics from a topological perspective. It is defined as the sectional category (Schwarz genus) of the path fibration\N\[\N\pi \colon X^I \longrightarrow X \times X, \qquad \pi(\gamma) = (\gamma(0), \gamma(1)),\N\]\Nwhere \(X^I\) denotes the space of continuous paths in \(X\) endowed with the compact-open topology.\N\NIn the paper under review the authors investigate the topological complexity of the oriented Grassmann manifolds \(\widetilde{G}_{n,3}\), consisting of oriented \(3\)-dimensional vector subspaces of \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Since computing \(\mathrm{TC}(X)\) exactly is typically difficult, the paper focuses on the \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) zero-divisor cup-length as a lower bound.\N\NThe main object of study is the graded algebra\N\[\NW_n = \mathrm{im}\bigl(p^* \colon H^*(G_{n,3};\mathbb{Z}_2) \longrightarrow H^*(\widetilde{G}_{n,3};\mathbb{Z}_2)\bigr),\N\]\Ninduced by the two-fold covering \(p \colon \widetilde{G}_{n,3} \to G_{n,3}\) which forgets the orientation. This algebra admits a description as a quotient\N\[\N\mathbb{Z}_2[w_2,w_3]/I_n,\N\]\Nwhere \(I_n\) is the homogeneous ideal generated by explicitly defined homogeneous polynomials \(g_{n-2}, g_{n-1}\) and \(g_n\). A key technical tool is a Gröbner basis for \(I_n\), obtained in earlier work and recalled here. The description of leading monomials permits effective control of products in \(W_n\), leading to explicit computations of its zero-divisor cup-length.\N\NFor all integers \(n \ge 6\) the authors obtain lower bounds for \(\mathrm{zcl}_{\mathbb{Z}_2}(\widetilde{G}_{n,3})\). The zero-divisor cup-length of the subalgebra \(W_n\) is computed explicitly for all \(n\), and by comparing this value with the full cohomology ring the authors derive bounds for \(\mathrm{zcl}_{\mathbb{Z}_2}(\widetilde{G}_{n,3})\). For infinitely many values of \(n\) the exact value is determined, while in the remaining cases the upper and lower bounds differ by at most one. Finally, based on their computations for \(n \ge 6\), the authors conjecture that the lower bound \(\mathrm{zcl}(W_n) + 1\) actually coincides with the exact value of \(\mathrm{zcl}_{\mathbb{Z}_2}(\widetilde{G}_{n,3})\) for all such \(n\).\N\NThe approach combines combinatorial properties of binomial coefficients modulo \(2\), height considerations for Stiefel-Whitney classes, and systematic reductions via Gröbner bases.
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