Topological entropy of m-fold maps

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We call a continuous map \(f : X \to X\) on a compact metric space to be \(m\)-fold on a subset \(Y \subset X\), if for every \(y \in Y\) the preimage \(f^{-1}(y)\) contains at least \(m\) distinct points. For such maps the authors establish two sets of conditions yielding the lower bound \(\log m\) for the topological entropy \(h(f)\). (1) \(X\) is a smooth manifold, \(f\) is continuously differentiable and \(Y\) is the set of regular values. (2) \(X\) is the unit circle, there exists \(\alpha > 0\) such that for any \(y \in X\) the diameter of \(f^{-1}(y)\) is greater than \(\alpha\), \(X \setminus Y\) is countable or finite. They show that case (1) is a simple consequence of the proof of the Misiurewicz-Przytycki formula \(h(f) \geq \log (\deg (f))\), while case (2) is proven by reducing the problem to symbolic dynamics. The latter approach leads to a definition of a new class of the circle maps satisfying \(h(f) \geq \log m\).











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