Trace-class and nuclear operators

Tensor products in functional analysis (46M05) Tensor products of linear operators (47A80) Linear operators belonging to operator ideals (nuclear, (p)-summing, in the Schatten-von Neumann classes, etc.) (47B10)

Abstract: This paper explores the long journey from projective tensor products of a pair of Banach spaces, passing through the definition of nuclear operators still on the realm of projective tensor products, to the of notion of trace-class operators on a Hilbert space, and shows how and why these concepts (nuclear and trace-class operators, that is) agree in the end.

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Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be Banach spaces. The linear space of all bounded linear transformations of \(X\) into \(Y\) is denoted by \(\mathcal{B}(X,Y)\), this space is equipped with its standard induced uniform norm. The author defined the nuclear transformations as the range of a linear contraction of the projective tensor product \(X^{\ast }\widehat{\otimes }_{\wedge }Y\) into \( \mathcal{B}(X,Y)\) to characterize nuclear operators. Among other results, the author gives a thorough view of basic properties of trace-class operators on a Hilbert space and prove that nuclear and trace-class operators in fact reduce to the same thing.

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