Traces of powers of matrices over finite fields

DOI10.1090/TRAN/8337MaRDI QIDQ4992369zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Ofir Gorodetsky, Brad Rodgers

Publication date 8 June 2021

Published in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.03666

zbMATH Keywords

Haar measureindependent normal variablesrandom matrix

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Arithmetic theory of polynomial rings over finite fields (11T55) Random matrices (algebraic aspects) (15B52) Linear algebraic groups over finite fields (20G40) Probability measures on groups or semigroups, Fourier transforms, factorization (60B15) Random matrices (probabilistic aspects) (60B20)

Abstract: Let $M$ be a random matrix chosen according to Haar measure from the unitary group $mathrmU(n,mathbbC)$. Diaconis and Shahshahani proved that the traces of $M,M^2,ldots,M^k$ converge in distribution to independent normal variables as $noinfty$, and Johansson proved that the rate of convergence is superexponential in $n$. We prove a finite field analogue of these results. Fixing a prime power $q=p^r$, we choose a matrix $M$ uniformly from the finite unitary group $mathrmU(n,q)subseteqmathrmGL(n,q^2)$ and show that the traces of ${M^i}_{1leilek,,pmidi}$ converge to independent uniform variables in $mathbb{F}_{q^2}$ as $noinfty$. Moreover we show the rate of convergence is exponential in $n^2$. We also consider the closely related problem of the rate at which characteristic polynomial of $M$ equidistributes in `short intervals' of $mathbb{F}_{q^2}[T]$. Analogous results are also proved for the general linear, special linear, symplectic and orthogonal groups over a finite field. In the two latter families we restrict to odd characteristic. The proofs depend upon applying techniques from analytic number theory over function fields to formulas due to Fulman and others for the probability that the characteristic polynomial of a random matrix equals a given polynomial.

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Cited in

(16)

• Enumerating traceless matrices over compact discrete valuation rings
• Trace of products in finite fields
• On Fiedler's characterization of tridiagonal matrices over arbitrary fields
• Multivariate normal approximation for traces of random unitary matrices
• A lower bound for the variance of generalized divisor functions in arithmetic progressions
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• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 970042 (Why is no real title available?)
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• Equidistribution of high traces of random matrices over finite fields and cancellation in character sums of high conductor
• On matrix Kloosterman sums and Hall-Littlewood polynomials
• Derangements in finite classical groups and characteristic polynomials of random matrices

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