Transformations of non-negative integer-valued matrices that preserve the determinant
Let \(\mathcal{M}_{n}(\mathbb{Z}^{+})\) denote the additive monoid consisting of all \(n\times n\) matrices with nonnegative integer entries. The author proves that every automorphism of \(\mathcal{M}_{n}(\mathbb{Z}^{+})\) which preserves the permanent (or indeed any coefficient of the rook polynomial) is either of the form \(A\mapsto PAQ\) or of the form \(A\mapsto PA^{T}Q\) where \(P\) and \(Q\) are permutation matrices. Similarly, automorphisms which preserve the determinant have one of these forms with the additional condition that \(\det PQ=1\). This is part of a long literature dealing with similar problems; see, for example, the special issue ``A survey of linear preserver problems in Linear and Multilinear Algebra 33, No. 1--2 (1992).
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