Twin solutions to singular boundary value problems

Nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B15) Singular nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B16) Positive solutions to nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B18)

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In this paper, besides qualitative properties, the existence of two nonnegative nontrivial solutions to the singular \((n,p)\) problem \[ \begin{aligned} & y^{(n)}+\phi(t)[g(y(t))+h(y(t))],\quad 0<t<1,\\ & y^{(i)}(0)=0,\quad 0\leq i\leq n-2,\quad y^{(p)}(1)=0,\end{aligned} \] with \(n\geq 2\) and \(1\leq p\leq n-1\) fixed, is proved under suitable technical assumptions. As a consequence of the main result, the problem \[ \begin{aligned} & y+\tfrac 13(y^{-\alpha}+y^\beta+1)=0,\quad 0<t<1,\\ & y(0)=y'(1)=0,\quad 0<\alpha<1<\beta,\end{aligned} \] has two solutions \(y_1\), \(y_2\in C^1[0,1]\cap C^2(0,1)\), with \(y_1>0\), \(y_2>0\) on \((0,1]\) and \(\|y_1\|_\infty<1< \|y_2\|_\infty\). Similar results are obtained for singular \((p,n-p)\) focal boundary value problems, and also extended to problems with possibly more general nonlinearities of type \(\phi(t)f(t,y)\).

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