Twisted tensor product subgroups of finite classical groups

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The basic theorem on maximal subgroups \(M\) of finite classical groups \(G\) says that \(M\) is either one of a natural geometrical class \(\mathcal C\) of subgroups, or \(M\) is (modulo scalars) almost simple, acting absolutely irreducibly on the natural module \(V\) for (a cover of) \(G\), and not defined over any proper subfield. \textit{P. Kleidman} and \textit{M. Liebeck} [The subgroup structure of the finite classical groups, Cambridge University Press (1990; Zbl 0697.20004)] have determined exactly the conjugacy classes of subgroups in \(\mathcal C\), and when they are maximal (at least for \(\dim V>12\): the smaller cases were dealt with in unpublished work by Kleidman). The present paper considers another natural class of subgroups, not in \(\mathcal C\), and determines conjugacy and maximality in this class. This is the class of normalizers of `twisted tensor product subgroups', of which the simplest example is \(L_k(q^r)<L_{k^r}(q)\), where the action of \(L_k(q^r)\) is given as the tensor product of the natural module and all its Frobenius automorphs. Since \textit{G. M. Seitz} [Geom. Dedicata 25, 391-406 (1988; Zbl 0716.20009)] has shown that any subgroup which is not in \(\mathcal C\), and is of Lie type over a proper extension field of \(\text{GF}(q)\), is a twisted tensor product, this is an important special case in the general maximal subgroup problem.











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