Two-variable identities for finite solvable groups.
algebraic varietiesfinite solvable groupsfinite varietiesLang-Weil estimateslawsprosolvable groupsrational points
Rational points (14G05) Finite ground fields in algebraic geometry (14G15) Finite simple groups and their classification (20D05) Finite solvable groups, theory of formations, Schunck classes, Fitting classes, (pi)-length, ranks (20D10) Quasivarieties and varieties of groups (20E10) Commutator calculus (20F12) Derived series, central series, and generalizations for groups (20F14) Engel conditions (20F45)
By a celebrated result of \textit{J. G. Thompson} [Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 74, 383-437 (1968; Zbl 0159.30804)] the finite group \(G\) is soluble iff every two-generator subgroup of \(G\) is soluble. By \textit{R. Brandl} [J. Algebra 73, 1-22 (1981; Zbl 0484.20012)], there exists a sequence \(u_1,u_2,\dots\) of words in two variables such that the finite group \(G\) is soluble iff the identity \(u_n=1\) holds in \(G\) for all but finitely many \(n\). In [\textit{R. Brandl} and \textit{J. S. Wilson}, J. Algebra 116, No. 2, 334-341 (1988; Zbl 0651.20039)] such sequences are given, but not explicitly. In the present paper a modification of a sequence suggested by \textit{B. I. Plotkin} [Usp. Mat. Nauk 13, No. 4(82), 89-172 (1958; Zbl 0198.04301)] is used. The authors sketch a proof of the following Theorem 1.1. Let \(u_1(X,Y)=X^{-2}Y^{-1}X\), and inductively \[ u_{n+1}(X,Y)=[Xu_n(X,Y)X^{-1},Yu_n(X,Y)Y^{-1}].\tag{1} \] A finite group \(G\) is soluble iff for some \(n\) the identity \(u_n=1\) holds in \(G\). Clearly, the condition is necessary. The proof of the converse uses Thompson's classification of all minimal simple groups \(G\) [loc. cit.]. As in [\textit{R. Brandl} and \textit{D. B. Nikolova}, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 33, 245-251 (1986; Zbl 0574.20028)], an appeal to the Hasse-Weil Theorem yields elements \(x,y\in G\) with \(u_1(x,y)\neq 1\) and \(u_1(x,y)=u_2(x,y)\). This proves Theorem 1.1. The result has the following application: Theorem 1.3. Let \(F=F(x,y)\) be the free group in two variables, and let \(\widehat F\) be its profinite completion. Let \(v_1,v_2,\dots\) be any convergent subsequence of the sequence (1) with limit \(f\) from \(\widehat F\). Then the identity \(f\equiv 1\) defines the profinite variety of prosoluble groups.
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