Two coniveau filtrations

DOI10.1215/00127094-2021-0055MaRDI QIDQ821494zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Olivier Benoist, John Christian Ottem

Publication date 20 September 2021

Published in Duke Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.02199, http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-92369

algebraic cycles coniveau filtration perverse sheaves Steenrod operations strong coniveau

Algebraic cycles (14C25) Transcendental methods, Hodge theory (algebro-geometric aspects) (14C30) Topological properties in algebraic geometry (14F45) Steenrod algebra (55S10) Cobordism and concordance in topological manifolds (57N70)

Abstract: A cohomology class of a smooth complex variety of dimension

n

has coniveau

g e q c

if it vanishes in the complement of a closed subvariety of codimension

g e q c

, and has strong coniveau

g e q c

if it comes by proper pushforward from the cohomology of a smooth variety of dimension

l e q n - c

. We show that these two notions differ in general, both for integral classes on smooth projective varieties and for rational classes on smooth open varieties.

Review text

The coniveau filtration for \(X\) a smooth complex projective variety of dimension \(n\) is given by \[ \begin{split} N^cH^{\ell}(X,A)&=\sum_{Z\subset X} \ker \left ( j^{\ast}: H^{\ell}(X,A)\to H^{\ell}(X - Z,A) \right )\\ &=\sum_{Z\subset X} \mathrm{im} \left ( H^{\ell}_{Z}(X,A)\to H^{\ell}(X,A) \right ), \end{split} \] where the sum is over all closed subvarieties \(Z\subset X\) of codimension at least \(c\) of \(X\), \(j:X-Z\to X\), \(A\) is an abelian group. The strong coniveau filtration is given by \[ \widetilde{N}^cH^{\ell}(X,A)=\sum_{f:Y\to X} \mathrm{im} \left ( f_{\ast}: H^{\ell-2r}(Y,A)\to H^{\ell}(X,A) \right ), \] where the sum is over all proper morphisms \(f:Y\to X\) with \(Y\) a smooth complex variety of dimension \(n-r\), \(r\geq c\). These are two descending filtrations for \(H^{\ell}(X,A)\) such that \(\widetilde{N}^cH^{\ell}(X,A)\subseteq N^cH^{\ell}(X,A)\). It is the main result of this paper that the inclusion is in general strict. The authors show that for \(c\geq 1\) and \(\ell \geq 2c+1\) there exists a smooth complex projective variety \(X\) such that the inclusion \(\widetilde{N}^cH^{\ell}(X,\mathbb{Z})\subseteq N^cH^{\ell}(X,\mathbb{Z})\) is strict. Also, if \(c\geq 1\) and \(\ell \geq 2c+1\) there exists a smooth quasi projective rational complex variety \(X\) of dimension \(\ell-c+1\) such that the inclusion \(\widetilde{N}^cH^{\ell}(X,\mathbb{Q})\subseteq N^cH^{\ell}(X,\mathbb{Q})\) is strict. The case of smooth projective varieties with integer coefficients uses Steenrod operations and complex cobordism to exhibit classes with no strong coniveau filtration and the obstructions are characterized concretely, with the help of classifying spaces BG. Actually, the variety for which the inclusion is strict can be chosen with torsion canonical bundle or rational if \(c\geq 2\). For smooth quasiprojective varieties with rational coefficients, they use the decomposition theorem of Beilinson, Bernstein, Deligne, Gabber and one from Cataldo and Migliorini. The rational case only makes sense in this setting, because for smooth proper varieties the coniveau and strong coniveau filtrations are the same. This work is full of examples, from the known cases where both filtrations coincide to the once constructed to show that they differ. Therse is also a small discussion with examples for singular varieties.

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