Unbiased multicategory theory
Theories (e.g., algebraic theories), structure, and semantics (18C10) Fibered categories (18D30) Preadditive, additive categories (18E05) Monoidal categories, symmetric monoidal categories (18M05) Operads (general) (18M60) Non-symmetric operads, multicategories, generalized multicategories (18M65) 2-categories, bicategories, double categories (18N10)
This paper presents an unbiased notion of multicategory, by exploiting the language of double categories and fibrations, which not only removes the awkwardness but also renders neater various concepts and properties, opening up new perspectives. The main idea is to consider explicitly the indexing and reindexing of objects and arrows in a symmetric multicategory, via a double functor \(\mathbb{M}\rightarrow\mathbb{P}\mathrm{b}\) to the double category of pullback squares in finite sets. The definition of unbiased symmetric multicategory can be usefully generalized by replacing \(\mathbb{P}\mathrm{b} \) with any double prop \(\mathbb{P}\). Any double prop \(\mathbb{P}\) can be seen as a theory and any morphism \(F:\mathbb{P}^{\prime}\rightarrow\mathbb{P}\) as a lax model for \(\mathbb{P}\). A model for \(\mathbb{P}\) can be representable (giving \(\mathbb{P}\)-monoidal categories) or strict (giving \(\mathbb{P}\)-algebras).\N\NThe synopsis of the paper goes as follows.\N\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[\S 2] recalls and set up some technical tools, particularly considering family construction, which provides the free sum completion of a category. The category of finite sets and bijections, \(\mathrm{core}(\boldsymbol{Set}_{f})\), is the base category for expressing symmetry and transport of structures, as in Joyal theory of species. Its free sum completion \(\mathrm{Fam}\left( \mathrm{core}(\boldsymbol{Set}_{f}) \right)\) is the category \(\boldsymbol{Pb}\) of mappings and pullback squaares. What is gained is that \(\boldsymbol{Pb}\) is naturally the arrow part of a double category structure \(\mathbb{P}\mathrm{b}\), which allows of exploiting the double category machinery.\N\item[\S 3] considers unbiased symmetric multicategories as multiplicative species, that is monoids in the category of colored symmetric sequences with respect to the monoidal structure inherited from the double category structure on the double graph \(\mathbb{P}\mathrm{b}\). Another point of view is to consider unbiased symmetric multicategories as double props \(\mathbb{P}\) with an indexing structure \(M:\mathbb{P}\rightarrow\mathbb{P}\mathrm{b}\), which is, intuitively, the unbiased version of the presentation of multicategories in terms of the free props on them [\textit{T. Leinster}, Higher operads, higher categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2004; Zbl 1160.18001)].\N\item[\S 4] defines a monad \ on \(\boldsymbol{sMlt}=\mathcal{DP} /\mathbb{P}\mathrm{b}\) with \(\mathcal{DP}\) the category of colored double props, whose algebras are unbiased cartesian multicategories, where the equivalence between tensor products, universal products and algebraic products.\N\end{itemize}
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