Unboundedness of some higher Euler classes

DOI10.2140/AGT.2020.20.1221MaRDI QIDQ2187727zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Kathryn Mann

Publication date 3 June 2020

Published in Algebraic \& Geometric Topology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.03359

zbMATH Keywords

3-manifoldEuler classhomeomorphism groupSeifert fibered

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Group actions on manifolds and cell complexes in low dimensions (57M60) Characteristic classes and numbers in differential topology (57R20) Groups acting on specific manifolds (57S25)

Abstract: In this paper, we study Euler classes in groups of homeomorphisms of Seifert fibered 3-manifolds. We show that, in contrast to the familiar Euler class for $mathrm{Homeo}_0(S^1{)}^{d}elta$, these Euler classes for $mathrm{Homeo}_0(M^3{)}^{d}elta$ are unbounded classes. In fact, we give examples of flat topological M bundles over a genus 3 surface whose Euler class takes arbitrary values.

Review text

Milnor gave a bound on the Euler number of \(\mathrm{SL}(2, \mathbb R)\)-bundles over surfaces with discrete structure group, and Wood generalized the argument to topological circle bundles (in order to obtain a characterization of the oriented, topological circle bundles over surfaces that admit a fibration transverse to the fibres); equivalently, the real Euler class in \(H^2(\mathrm{Homeo}_0(S^1); \mathbb R)\) is bounded, for the case \(M = S^1\). On the other hand, for the case \(M = \mathbb R^2\), \textit{D. Calegari} [Geom. Topol. Monogr. 7, 431--491 (2004; Zbl 1181.57022)] showed that discrete Euler classes of topological \(\mathbb R^2\)-bundles are unbounded, and \textit{K. Mann} and \textit{C. Rosendal} [Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 38, No. 7, 2748--2779 (2018; Zbl 1404.37028)] showed a similar result for the case of the 2-torus. In the present paper, the question is considered for 3-manifolds, and specifically for Seifert fibered 3-manifolds. The main result is the following: Let \(M\) be a closed Seifert fibered 3-manifold such that the inclusion \(\mathrm{SO}(2)\hookrightarrow \mathrm{Homeo}_0(M)\) induces an inclusion of \(\pi_1(\mathrm{SO}(2))\) as a direct factor in \(\pi_1(\mathrm{Homeo}_0(M))\); then any class in \(H^2(\mathrm{Homeo}_0(M); \mathbb R)\) with nonzero image in \(H^2(\mathrm{SO}(2))\) is unbounded. By the solution of the generalized Smale conjecture, for most Seifert fibered 3-manifolds rotation of the fibers gives a homotopy equivalence \(\mathrm{SO}(2) \to \mathrm{Homeo}_0(M)\) (or at least a \(\mathbb Z\)-factor in \(\pi_1(\mathrm{Homeo}_0(M))\)), and hence an Euler class for \(M\)-bundles. The main result of the present paper then says that all of these discrete Euler classes are unbounded; in particular, the author gives examples of flat topological \(M\)-bundles over a genus 3 surface whose Euler class takes arbitrary values. (For bounded cohomology in general, cf. the survey by \textit{N. Monod} [in: Proceedings of the international congress of mathematicians (ICM), Madrid, Spain, August 22--30, 2006. Volume II: Invited lectures. Zürich: European Mathematical Society (EMS). 1183--1211 (2006; Zbl 1127.55002)]).

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Cited in

(6)

• A simplicial formula and bound for the Euler class
• Asymptotical unboundedness of the Heesch number in \({\mathbb{E}}^d\) for \(d\rightarrow \infty \)
• The norm of the Euler class
• Bounded and unbounded cohomology of homeomorphism and diffeomorphism groups
• On boundedness of characteristic classes via quasi-morphisms
• The space of nonextendable quasimorphisms

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