Uncountable homogeneous structures
"homogeneityage of a structureamalgamation baseautomorphism groupextensible embeddingFra\""{\i}ss\'e limit"
Ultraproducts and related constructions (03C20) Models with special properties (saturated, rigid, etc.) (03C50) Automorphisms and endomorphisms of algebraic structures (08A35) Limits and colimits (products, sums, directed limits, pushouts, fiber products, equalizers, kernels, ends and coends, etc.) (18A30)
In this paper, the authors investigate uncountable homogeneous structures.\N\NThey present a new method for constructing these structures. For this they use properties of the monoid of self embeddings of a fixed Fraïssé limit.\N\NLet \(\mathcal{K}\) be a class of structures. A countable structure \(M\) is called amalgamation base for \(\mathcal{K}\) if every two embeddings of \(M\) into countable structures from \(\mathcal{K}\) can be completed to a commutative square. For a given homogeneous structure \(\mathbb{U}\) let \(\mathcal{E} \mathbb{U}\) denote the monoid of all embeddings of \(\mathbb{U}\) into itself. The authors show the following\N\N\textbf{Theorem:} Assume that \(\mathbb{U}\) is a countable homogeneous structure in a countable first order language such that \(\mathbb{U}\) is an amalgamation base and \(\mathcal{E} \mathbb{U} \neq \Aut\mathbb{U}\). Then there exists a homogeneous structure of size \(\aleph_1\) that has the same age as \(\mathbb{U}\).\N\NIn their proof, they use abstract Fraïssé theory. They build countable sequences in \(\mathcal{E} \mathbb{U}\), thus obtaining new non-trivial embeddings of \(\mathbb{U}\) that extend automorphisms. They review some known results and give relevant examples.
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