Undecidable existential theories of polynomial rings and function fields
The authors show that the positive existential theory of the field \(C(t)\) of rational functions in one variable with complex coefficients is undecidable in the language of rings with an added constant symbol \(t\) and an added unary predicate \(D\) which represents the property of being a derivative in \(C(t)\). For their proof, they show that \(Z\) has a positive existential definition in \(C(t)\) in the given language. This uses the theory of elliptic curves. The authors also show that the positive existential theory of any polynomial ring with coefficients in an integral domain is undecidable in the language of rings with an added unary predicate \(T\) which represents the property of being non-constant. This latter undecidability result is shown to be equivalent to: there is no algorithm which, given a variety in \(k\)-dimensional space defined by equations in the variables \(x_1,\ldots,x_k\) over the prime field of the field \(F\), determines if the variety contains a (non-trivial) rational curve which has a polynomial parametrization over \(F\) and whose projection along some specified axis among the \(x_j\) are not singletons. The undecidability proof follows earlier work of Denef.
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