Universality of the zeta function in short intervals

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In 2019, \textit{A. Laurinčikas} [J. Number Theory 204, 279--295 (2019; Zbl 1470.11224)] established the universality theorem of the Riemann zeta-function in short intervals \([T , T + H]\) with \(T^{1 / 3}(\log T)^{26 / 15} \leqslant H \leqslant T\). In this paper under review, the universality theorem is established by assuming the Riemann hypothesis in such short intervals for \(H=(\log T)^B\) with an explicitly given \(B > 0\). However, the same approach cannot prove the same result unconditionally because it is not possible to find a Dirichlet polynomial approximation to \(\log \zeta(s)\) around nontrivial zeros of \(\zeta(s)\). Indeed, without assuming the Riemann hypothesis, it is shown that for the same \(H\) the set of real numbers \(\tau \in [T,T+H]\) such that \(\zeta(s+i\tau)\) approximates an arbitrary given analytic function has a positive upper density.











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