Unmarked simple length spectral rigidity for covers
2-dimensional topology (including mapping class groups of surfaces, Teichmüller theory, curve complexes, etc.) (57K20) Covering spaces and low-dimensional topology (57M10) General geometric structures on low-dimensional manifolds (57M50) Spectral problems; spectral geometry; scattering theory on manifolds (58J50)
In this paper all \textit{surfaces} \(S\) are closed, connected, and orientable. A \textit{curve} on \(S\) is an equivalence class of continuous maps \(\gamma:S^1 \rightarrow S\) where two such maps are equivalent if one is freely homotopic to a reparametrization of the other. Note that this implies that curves in the paper are unoriented. A curve \(\gamma\) is \textit{simple} if it has a representative \(\gamma_0:S^1 \rightarrow S\) which is injective, that is, it has a representative \(\gamma_0\) which has self intersection number \(0\).\N\NGiven a finite degree cover \(p:X\rightarrow S\) and a curve \(\gamma\) on \(S\), a curve \(\alpha\) on \(X\) is an \textit{elevation of \(\gamma\) along \(p\) of degree \(d \geq 1\)} if there is a parametrized representative of \(p\circ \alpha\) which traces \(d\) times along a parametrized representative of \(\gamma\). A property of hyperbolic metrics on \(X\) and/or \(Y\) holds \textit{generically over \(S\)} if it holds for pullbacks of hyperbolic metrics in a dense full measure subset of the Teichmüller space of \(S\).\N\NThe \textit{unmarked length spectrum (respectively, unmarked simple length spectrum)} of a closed hyperbolic surface \(X\) is the multi-set of lengths of closed geodesics (lengths of simple closed geodesics) counted with multiplicity. Two such surfaces are \textit{length isospectral} \textit{(simple length isospectral)} if they have the same length spectrum (simple length spectrum).\N\N\textit{J.-P. Otal} [Ann. Math. (2) 131, No. 1, 151--162 (1990; Zbl 0699.58018)] showed that any negatively curved metric on a closed, connected orientable surface \(S\) is determined up to isotopy by its \textit{marked length spectrum}, the function associating each closed curve to its infimal length. The degree to which similar results can be obtained for unmarked length spectra is a problem of interest. In this paper the focus is on a version of this problem for finite degree covers of surfaces \(S\) of negative Euler characteristic. The authors give a condition which determines when two finite degree covers \(p:X\rightarrow S\) and \(q:Y\rightarrow S\) of a closed orientable surface of negative Euler characteristic, which are generically unmarked simple length isospectral over \(S\), are isomorphic. There are two main results in the paper.\N\N\textbf{Theorem 1.} Every closed orientable surface \(S\) of negative Euler characteristic admits a pair of finite degree covers which are unmarked length isospectral over \(S\) but generically not unmarked simple length isospectral over \(S\).\N\N\textbf{Theorem 3.} The covers \(p:X\rightarrow S\) and \(q:Y\rightarrow S\) of the closed orientable surface \(S\) of negative Euler characteristic are isomorphic if and only if for every curve \(\gamma\) on \(S\), \(\gamma\) has a simple elevation along \(p\) to \(X\) if and only if \(\gamma\) has a simple elevation along \(q\) to \(Y\).\N\NThe proof of Theorem 1 and its corollary utilize a construction of \textit{T. Sunada} [Ann. Math. (2) 121, 169--186 (1985; Zbl 0585.58047)].
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