Variational formulation for incompressible Euler equation by weak shape evolution
The author investigates the Euler equation in a noncylindrical evolution domain \(Q_V\) build by the field \(V\) from a domain \(\Omega_0\subset D\): \[ \partial V/ \partial_t+DV(t) \cdot V(t)+\nabla p=f \text{ in }Q_V,\;V(0)=V_0 \text{ on }\Omega_0, \] \[ \text{div} V=0 \text{ in }Q_V, \] \[ \partial \chi_{Q_ V}/ \partial t+\nabla \chi_{Q_V}\cdot V=0 \text{ (the weak form)}, \chi_{Q_V} (0)= \chi_{\Omega_0}, \] where \(\chi\) denotes the characteristic function. Introducing the functional \[ J_\sigma(V)= \int^\tau_0 \int_{Q_V}\biggl( \bigl \|V(t,x)\bigr \|^2-f.V \biggr)dt dx+ \sigma p(Q_V), \] where \(p (Q_V)\) is the time-space perimeter of \(Q_V\), modelling a surface, tension effect on the free boundary (we cannot state more details), the author thoroughly analyzes the meaning of its extremality over the vector fields \(V\), satisfying the initial condition \(V(0)=V_0\), to obtain a variational principle for the original Euler equation. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0921.00021].
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