Variational formulation of commuting Hamiltonian flows: multi-time Lagrangian 1-forms

DOI10.3934/JGM.2013.5.365MaRDI QIDQ380710zbMATHOpenAlexFDO

Authors Yuri B. Suris

Publication date 14 November 2013

Published in Journal of Geometric Mechanics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.3314

zbMATH Keywords

integrable systemsEuler-Lagrange equationsLagrangian mechanicsspectralityHamiltonian mechanicsdiscrete Lagrangian mechanicsBaecklund transformationscommuting Hamiltonian flowscommuting symplectic mapsLagrangian 1-formmultitime

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Completely integrable finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, integration methods, integrability tests (37J35) Lagrange's equations (70H03) Hamilton's equations (70H05) Completely integrable systems and methods of integration for problems in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics (70H06)

Abstract: Recently, Lobb and Nijhoff initiated the study of variational (Lagrangian) structure of discrete integrable systems from the perspective of multi-dimensional consistency. In the present work, we follow this line of research and develop a Lagrangian theory of integrable one-dimensional systems. We give a complete solution of the following problem: one looks for a function of several variables (interpreted as multi-time) which delivers critical points to the action functionals obtained by integrating a Lagrangian 1-form along any smooth curve in the multi-time. The Lagrangian 1-form is supposed to depend on the first jet of the sought-after function. We derive the corresponding multi-time Euler-Lagrange equations and show that, under the multi-time Legendre transform, they are equivalent to a system of commuting Hamiltonian flows. Involutivity of the Hamilton functions turns out to be equivalent to closeness of the Lagrangian 1-form on solutions of the multi-time Euler-Lagrange equations. In the discrete time context, the analogous extremal property turns out to be characteristic for systems of commuting symplectic maps. For one-parameter families of commuting symplectic maps (B"acklund transformations), we show that their spectrality property, introduced by Kuznetsov and Sklyanin, is equivalent to the property of the Lagrangian 1-form to be closed on solutions of the multi-time Euler-Lagrange equations, and propose a procedure of constructing Lax representations starting from the maps themselves.

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(33)

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• Lagrangian multiforms on Lie groups and non-commuting flows
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