Variational representations for N-cyclically monotone vector fields

DOI10.2140/PJM.2014.269.323MaRDI QIDQ482382zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Nassif Ghoussoub, Alfred Galichon

Publication date 30 December 2014

Published in Pacific Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.2408

zbMATH Keywords

antisymmetric saddle functioncyclically monotone vector fieldsmeasure preserving involutionsvariational representations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Monotone operators and generalizations (47H05) Variational inequalities (49J40) Existence theories in calculus of variations and optimal control (49J99)

Abstract: Given a convex bounded domain $Omega$ in ${mathbbR}^d$ and an integer $Ngeq2$, we associate to any jointly $N$-monotone $(N-1)$-tuplet $(u_1,u_2,\mathrm{...},u_{N-1})$ of vector fields from $\mathrm{\%}Omega$ into $mathbb{R}^d$, a Hamiltonian $H$ on ${mathbbR}^{d}imes{mathbbR}^d\mathrm{...}imes{mathbbR}^d$, that is concave in the first variable, jointly convex in the last $(N-1)$ variables such that for almost all $\mathrm{\%}xinOmega$, hbox{$(u_1(x),u_2(x),\mathrm{...},u_{N-1}(x))=abl{a}_{2,\mathrm{...},N}H(x,x,\mathrm{...},x)$. Moreover, $H$ is $N$-sub-antisymmetric, meaning that $sum\mathrm{\%}limit{s}_{i=0}^{N-1}H(sigm{a}^i(mathbfx))leq0$ for all $mathbfx\mathrm{\%}=(x_1,\mathrm{...},x_N)inOmeg{a}^N$, $sigma$ being the cyclic permutation on ${mathbbR}^d$ defined by $sigma(x_1,x_2,\mathrm{...},x_N)=(x_2,x_3,\mathrm{...},x_N,x_1)$. Furthermore, $H$ is $N$% -antisymmetric in a sense to be defined below. This can be seen as an extension of a theorem of E. Krauss, which associates to any monotone operator, a concave-convex antisymmetric saddle function. We also give various variational characterizations of vector fields that are almost everywhere $N$-monotone, showing that they are dual to the class of measure preserving $N$-involutions on $Omega$.

Review text

The authors extend a well-known result due to E. Krauss, which associates to any monotone operator a concave-convex antisymmetric saddle function. They also provide multifarious characterizations of vector fields that are almost everywhere monotone, which the authors show to be dual to the class of measure preserving involutions. Their techniques are based on a new concept for bounded vector fields, namely, the jointly monotone families. In this clearly written paper they introduce further the concepts of sub-antisymmetry and cyclically sub-antisymmetry, which allow the authors, through various technical lemmas, to prove the extension of Krauss' previously mentioned result, obtaining also several corollaries that are quite interesting in their own right.

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• On the velocities of flows consisting of cyclically monotone maps
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