Variations for bounded nonvanishing univalent functions

Denote by B(\(\alpha)\), \(\alpha\in {\mathbb{D}}\setminus \{0\}\), the class of univalent mappings of the unit disk \({\mathbb{D}}\) into \({\mathbb{D}}\setminus \{0\}\) such that \(f(0)=\alpha\). The authors develop a variational method for solving extremal problems in B(\(\alpha)\) (comparable to know methods for the class S). For a large class of functionals they prove the following: If f maximizes over B(\(\alpha)\) such a functional, then there is a rational quadratic differential whose trajectories contain the omitted arcs of f and the circle \(\partial {\mathbb{D}}\) as well. They checked the method for the functional \(| f'(z)|\) and obtained \(| f'(z)| \leq (12-8\sqrt{2})/(1-| z|^ 2)\) [cf. also the first author, \textit{St. Scheinberg} and \textit{L. Zalcman}, ibid. 31, 169-190 (1977; Zbl 0346.30013)]. To find for the point evaluation functional f(z) the region of values over B(\(\alpha)\) however involves elliptic integrals.

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