Very strong approximation for certain algebraic varieties

DOI10.1007/S00208-014-1107-6MaRDI QIDQ889934zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 9 November 2015

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.1988, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.748.3825

zbMATH Keywords

Brauer-Manin obstruction global function field rational points strong approximation torus

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Varieties over global fields (11G35) Brauer groups of schemes (14F22) Rational points (14G05) Global ground fields in algebraic geometry (14G25)

Abstract: Let F be a global field. In this work, we show that the Brauer-Manin condition on adelic points for subvarieties of a torus T over F cuts out exactly the rational points, if either F is a function field or, if F is the field of rational numbers and T is split. As an application, we prove a conjecture of Harari-Voloch over global function fields which states, roughly speaking, that on any rational hyperbolic curve, the local integral points with the Brauer-Manin condition are the global integral points. Finally we prove for tori over number fields a theorem of Stoll on adelic points of zero-dimensional subvarieties in abelian varieties.

Review text

The paper under review deals with strong approximation for rational points of subvarieties of a torus over function fields, or over \(\mathbb Q\) and an imaginary quadratic field if the torus is split. The main result has application towards a conjecture of Harari-Voloch and to adelic points on subvarieties of tori. Given an algebraic variety \(X\) defined over a number field \(k\), every time the set \(X(k)\) is non empty this implies that all the sets \(X(k_v)\) are also non empty, where \(k_v\) denotes the completion of \(k\) with respect to any place \(v\). An interesting and very deep question in Arithmetic Geometry is to describe conditions that guarantees that the converse holds, namely if we have a point in \(X(k_v)\) for \textit{every} place \(v\) of \(k\) then there exists a \(k\)-point in \(X\). The famous Hasse-Minkowski Theorem asserts that this holds whenever \(X\) is a quadric defined over a number field. Since then the property has been known as the Hasse Principle: an algebraic variety over a number field \(k\) has a \(k\) point if and only if it has a \(k_v\) point for every completion of \(k\) at a place \(v\). It is known that there are counterexamples to the Hasse principle, already for cubic forms. \textit{Yu. I. Manin} [in: Actes Congr. internat. Math. 1970, No.1, 401--411 (1971; Zbl 0239.14010)] introduced an obstruction the the Hasse principle, the Brauer-Manin obstruction, that explains most of the examples of the failure of the Hasse principle. However this has been proved to be insufficient to explain all of the failures, as showed by \textit{A. N. Skorobogatov} [Invent. Math. 135, No. 2, 399--424 (1999; Zbl 0951.14013)]. Formally, given a variety \(X\) defined over a number field \(k\), if \(\mathbb A_k\) denote the adelic ring of \(k\), one has that \[ X(k) \subset X(\mathbb A_k). \] The fundamental observation of Manin was that there is a natural pairing between the adelic points of \(X\) and the Brauer Group of \(X\), where the Brauer Group is defined as \[ \mathrm{Br}(X):= H^2_{\text{ét}}(X,\mathbb G_m), \] defined by \[ X(\mathbb A_k)) \times\mathrm{Br}(X)\to\mathbb Q/\mathbb Z. \] Every rational point \(x\in X(k)\) lies in the left kernel of the pairing map. Therefore, if we denote by \(X(\mathbb A_k)^{\mathrm{Br}(X)}\) the left kernel, we have that \[ X(k) \subset X(\mathbb A_k)^{\mathrm{Br}(X)}\subset X(\mathbb A_k). \] In particular if the left kernel of the pairing is trivial, then there cannot exists any \(k\)-rational point in \(X\). In [\textit{J.-L. Colliot-Thélène} and \textit{F. Xu}, Compos. Math. 145, No. 2, 309--363 (2009; Zbl 1190.11036)] this setting was extended to the study of integral points. Given a finite set of places \(S\) of \(k\) one defines the \(S\)-adeles to be the projection of \(\mathbb A_k\) to \(\prod_{v\notin S}k_v\). This comes equipped with a natural projection map \[ P_S: X(\mathbb A_k) \to X(\mathbb A_k^S) \] Then \textit{the strong approximation property with Brauer-Manin obstruction off \(S\)} holds for \(X\) (SAP-BM off S for short) if \(X(k)\) is dense in \(P_S(X(\mathbb A_k)^{\mathrm{Br}(X)})\) under the diagonal map (with adelic topology). The {it very} strong approximation property (VSAP-BM in short) holds whether in addition \[ X(k)=P_S(X(\mathbb A_k)^{\mathrm{Br}(X)}). \] The author show that SAP-BM off \(S\) is equivalent to the fact that the Brauer-Manin obstruction is the only obstruction for the existence of integral points for every model of \(X\) over the ring of \(S\)-integers (Theorem 2.10). The main results of the paper concert VSAP-BM for subvarieties of a Torus over a global function field \(F\) (or for \(k=\mathbb Q\) or an imaginary quadratic field when the Torus is split) -- Theorem 1.2, and a generalization to arbitrary algebraic varieties that reads as follows: Theorem 1.3. Any algebraic variety over \(\mathbb Q\) or an imaginary quadratic field, or a global function field, always contains a dense open subvariety which satisfies VSAP-BM off \(S\) for any finite subset of places \(S\) containing the archimedean ones. As an application the authors prove Harari-Voloch Conjecture, introduced in [\textit{D. Harari} and \textit{J. F. Voloch}, Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 149, No. 3, 413--421 (2010; Zbl 1280.11038)], for hyperbolic affine curves defined over a global function field. At the end of the paper the author prove a result on rational points on finite subscheme of a torus, analogue to Theorem 3.11 of \textit{M. Stoll} [Algebra Number Theory 1, No. 4, 349--391 (2007; Zbl 1167.11024].

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