Virtual endomorphisms of nilpotent groups.

DOI10.4171/GGD/2MaRDI QIDQ2372587zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 31 July 2007

Published in Groups, Geometry, and Dynamics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0602131

automorphisms of trees nilpotent groups state-closed representations subgroups of finite index virtual endomorphisms

Trees (05C05) Subgroup theorems; subgroup growth (20E07) Groups acting on trees (20E08) Automorphisms of infinite groups (20E36) Nilpotent groups (20F18)

Abstract: A virtual endomorphism of a group G is a homomorphism f from H into G where H is a subgroup of G of finite index m. The triple (G,H,f) produces a state-closed (or, self-similar) representation t of G on the 1-rooted m-ary tree. This paper is a study of properties of the image G^t when G is nilpotent. In particular, it is shown that if G is finitely generated, torsion-free and nilpotent then G^t has solvability degree bounded above by the number of prime divisors of m.

Review text

Let \(G\) be any group. A `virtual endomorphism' of \(G\) is a homomorphism \(f\colon H\to G\) where \(H\) is a subgroup of finite index of \(G\). The maximal \(G\)-invariant and \(f\)-invariant subgroup of \(H\) is said to be the `\(f\)-core' of \(f\). If the latter subgroup is trivial, \(f\) is called `simple'. In particular, if \(\{1\}\) is the only \(f\)-invariant subgroup of \(H\), then \(f\) is said to be `strongly simple'. We note that from a virtual endomorphism \(f\colon H\to G\), by using the transitive representation of \(G\) on the set of the right cosets of \(H\) and a recursive construction, it is possible to obtain a `state-closed' representation of \(G\) on a rooted regular \(|G:H|\)-ary tree whose kernel is the `\(f\)-core' [see \textit{S. Sidki}, J. Math. Sci., New York 100, No. 1, 1925-1943 (2000; Zbl 1069.20504)]. In the article under review the authors extend the results obtained by \textit{V. Nekrashevych} and \textit{S. Sidki} [Lond. Math. Soc. Lect. Note Ser. 311, 375-404 (2004; Zbl 1144.20305)] on free Abelian state closed groups to finitely generated torsion free nilpotent groups. The main theorems obtained are the following: Theorem 1. Let \(G\) be a nilpotent group and \(f\colon H\to G\) a virtual endomorphism of \(G\). Then \(\ker(f)\) is contained in the isolator in \(H\) of the \(f\)-core. Recall that the `isolator' of a subgroup \(L\) in a group \(H\) is the set \(I_H(L)=\{x\in H\mid x^n\in L\) for some positive integer \(n\}\). In particular, if \(H\) is nilpotent, then (P. Hall) \(I_H(L)\) is a subgroup. Theorem 2. Let \(G\) be a finitely generated torsion free group such that \(G'\leq Z(G)\), and let \(H\) be a subgroup of finite index of \(G\). Then, there exists a subgroup \(K\) of finite index in \(H\) admitting a strongly simple epimorphism \(f\colon K\to G\). Let \(m\) be an integer \(>1\). Denote by \(l(m)\) the number of prime divisors of \(m\) (counting multiplicities). Theorem 3. Let \(G\) be a finitely generated torsion free nilpotent group. If \(H\) is a subgroup of \(G\) of index \(m\) and \(f\colon H\to G\) is a simple endomorphism, then the derived length of \(G\) is at most \(l(m)\). Moreover, if \(f\) is strongly simple, then the nilpotency class of \(G\) is at most \(l(m)\). Theorem 4. Let \(G\) be a finitely generated torsion free nilpotent group. If \(H\) is a subgroup of \(G\) of square free index and \(f\colon H\to G\) is a simple endomorphism, then \(G\) is Abelian.

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