Wave packet pseudomodes of twisted Toeplitz matrices
An \(\varepsilon\)-pseudoeigenvector or \(\varepsilon\)-pseudomode of a matrix \(A\), for given \(\varepsilon\)-pseudoeigenvalue \(\lambda\), is a nonzero vector \(v\) such that \(\| (A-\lambda)v\| \leq \varepsilon \| v\| \). A Toeplitz matrix is a matrix that is constant along diagonals: for some coefficients \(\{ c_j \}\), one has \(a_{j,l} = c_{j-l}\), \(1 \leq j\), \(l \leq N\). A circulant matrix is a Toeplitz matrix that extends periodically around the boundaries, i.e., \(a_{j,l} = c_{j-l\pmod N}\), \(1 \leq j\), \(l \leq N\). For integers \(m\) and \(n\) with \(-n \leq m\), the authors define an \((m,n)\)-banded matrix to be a matrix whose nonzero entries all lie within a band extending \(m\) entries below the main diagonal and \(n\) entries above. An \((m,n)\)-periodic matrix is the same except that the nonzero entries wrap around periodically. The symbol of an \((m,n)\)-banded Toeplitz matrix or an \((m,n)\)-periodic circulant matrix is the \(2\pi\)-periodic polynomial \(f(k) = c_{-n}e^{-nik} + \cdots + c_me^{mik}\). The authors prove the following theorem and a number of extensions of it. Theorem: Let \(\{ A^{(N)} \}\) be a family of \((m,n)\)-periodic twisted Toeplitz matrices with symbol \(f(x,k)\). Let \(x_*\) and \(k_*\) be real numbers, define \(\lambda = f(x_*,k_*)\), and suppose that some twist condition is satisfied at \(x = x_*\), \(k = k_*\). Suppose, moreover, that \(f(x_*,k) \neq \lambda\) for all real \(k \not\equiv k_*\pmod {2\pi}\) and that the extreme coefficients are nonzero in the following sense: if \(n > 0\), then \(c_{-n}(x_*) \neq 0\); if \(m > 0\), then \(c_{m}(x_*) \neq 0\); if \(m=0\) or \(n=0\), then \(c_0(x_*) \neq \lambda\); if \(n < 0\) or \(m < 0\), then \(\lambda \neq 0\). Then there exist constants \(C_1, C_2 > 0\) and \(M > 1\) such that for all sufficiently large \(N\) there exists a nonzero pseudoeigenvector \(v^{(N)}\) that is exponentially good, i.e.\ \(\frac{\| (A^{(N)} - \lambda) v^{(N)} \| }{\| v^{(N)} \| } \leq M^{-N}\), and localized, i.e., \(\frac{| v_j^{(N)}| }{\text{max}_j | v_j^{(N)}| } \leq C_1 \exp (-C_2N(x_j - x_*)^2) \pmod{2\pi}\).
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