Weak convergence for a class of rapidly oscillating functions
Let \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^N\) be open and \(f:\Omega\times \mathbb{R}^N\to \mathbb{R}\) be 1-periodic with respect to the second variable, i.e. \(f(x, x+z)= f(x,y)\) for all \(x\in\Omega\), \(y\in\mathbb{R}^N\), \(z\in\mathbb{Z}^N\). The author is interested in classes of such functions \(f\) for which i) the maps \(f^\varepsilon: x\mapsto f(x,x/\varepsilon)\) are measurable for every \(\varepsilon>0\); ii) \(f^\varepsilon\) converges weakly in some \(L_p\) to the ``mean value \((f): x\mapsto \int_Y f(x,y)dy\) as \(\varepsilon\) tends to zero; iii) \(\lim_{\varepsilon\to 0+} \int_\Omega| f^\varepsilon(x)|^p dx= \int_{\Omega\times Y}| f(x,y)|^p dx dy\). First, the author reminds of known results of the above kind (involving some continuity properties of \(f\) with respect to \(x\) or to \(y\)) and of an example which shows that even in the case \(N=1\) some regularity conditions are inevitable. After defining the notions of approximative limits and of approximate continuity for measurable functions, the author presents and proves the following two results: Theorem 1. Let \(f: \Omega\to L^\#_\infty(Y):= \{g\in L_\infty(\mathbb{R}^N)\): \(g\) 1-periodic\} be strongly measurable. Then i) there are \(\Omega_0\subset\Omega\) and \(Y_0\subset [0,1]^N\) with complements of measure zero such that \(f(x_0,\cdot)\) is approximately continuous on \(Y_0\) for all \(x_0\in\Omega_0\); ii) for each \(\varepsilon> 0\), the function \(f^\varepsilon: x\mapsto \underset{y\to x/\varepsilon}{\text{lim ap}} f(x,y)\) is defined almost everywhere on \(\Omega\), is measurable, and satisfies the inequality \(| f^\varepsilon(x)|\leq\| f(x,\cdot)\|_{L^\#_\infty(Y)}\) for almost all \(x\in\Omega\). Theorem 2. Let \(f:\Omega\to L^\#_\infty(Y)\) be in \(L_p(\Omega; L^\#_\infty(Y))\) for some \(p\in [1,\infty]\). Then \(f^\varepsilon\in L_p(\Omega)\) and \(\| f^\varepsilon\|_p\leq \| f\|_{L_p(\Omega; L^\#_\infty(Y))}\). Moreover, \(f^\varepsilon\to (f)\) weakly in \(L_p(\Omega)\) for \(p<\infty\) and \(*\)-weakly in \(L_\infty(\Omega)\) for \(p=\infty\). For \(p<\infty\), property iii) from above holds.
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