Weakly-exceptional quotient singularities

Singularities in algebraic geometry (14B05) Birational automorphisms, Cremona group and generalizations (14E07) General theory for finite permutation groups (20B05) Primitive groups (20B15) Finite automorphism groups of algebraic, geometric, or combinatorial structures (20B25)

Abstract: A singularity is said to be weakly--exceptional if it has a unique purely log terminal blow up. In dimension

2

, V. Shokurov proved that weakly--exceptional quotient singularities are exactly those of types

D_{n}

,

E_{6}

,

E_{7}

,

E_{8}

. This paper classifies the weakly--exceptional quotient singularities in dimensions

3

and

4

.

Review text

Let \(P \in X\) be a Kawamata log terminal singularity. \(P \in X\) is called exceptional if and only if for any effective \(\mathbb{Q}\)-divisor \(D\) such that the pair \((X,D)\) has log canonical singularities, there exists at most one exceptional divisor \(E\) with discrepancy \(a(E,X,D)=-1\). \(P \in X\) is called weakly exceptional if and only if there exists a unique birational map \(f : Y \rightarrow X\) such that the exceptional set of \(f\) is an irreducible divisor \(E\), \((Y,E)\) has purely log terminal singularities, \(-E\) is \(f\)-ample and \(P \in f(E)\). Minimal model theory shows that every exceptional singularity is weakly exceptional. This paper classifies finite subgroups \(G < \mathrm{GL}(n,\mathbb{C})\), \(n \leq 4\), such that the quotient \(X=\mathbb{C}^n/G\) has weakly exceptional singularities. The case \(n=2\) was treated by V. Shokurov who showed that the two dimensional exceptional singularities are exactly the DuVal singularities of type \(D_n, E_6, E_7, E_8\). The classification method used by the author is the following. Let \(\bar{G}\) be the image of \(G\) in \(\mathrm{PGL}(n-1,\mathbb{C})\). Then according to a result of I. Cheltsov and C. Shramov, \(\mathbb{C}^n/G\) has weakly exceptional singularities if and only if \(\mathrm{lct}(\mathbb{P}^{n-1},\bar{G})\geq 1\), where \(\mathrm{lct}(\mathbb{P}^{n-1},\bar{G})\) is the global \(\bar{G}\)-invariant log canonical threshold of \(\mathbb{P}^{n-1}\) [\textit{I. Cheltsov} and \textit{C. Shramov}, Geom. Topol. 15, No. 4, 1843--1882 (2011; Zbl 1232.14001)]. Then by lifting \(\bar{G}\) to \(\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{C})\), one can assume that \(G\) is a subgroup of \(\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{C})\). Then according to a result of I. Cheltsov and C. Shramov, \(\mathrm{lct}(\mathbb{P}^{n-1},\bar{G})\geq 1\) if and only if \(G\) does not have semi invariants of degree at most \(n-1\) for its action on \(\mathbb{C}^n\), \(n \leq 4\). Hence if \(\mathbb{C}^n/G\) does not have weakly exceptional singularities, \(G\) fixes a degree at most \(n-1\), \(n \leq 4\), hypersurface of \(\mathbb{P}^{n-1}\) and therefore it is a subgroup of the automorphisms of either a conic, a quadric surface or a cubic surface. Then the classification follows from the explicit classification of finite subgroups of \(\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{C})\) and the automorphism groups of cubic surfaces, quadrics and conics.

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