Weighted approximation by Baskakov-type operators

DOI10.1007/S10474-011-0135-XMaRDI QIDQ653964zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Kamen Ivanov, Parvan E. Parvanov

Publication date 20 December 2011

Published in Acta Mathematica Hungarica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s10474-011-0135-x

\(K\)-functional Baskakov-type operator direct theorem strong converse theorem

Inequalities in approximation (Bernstein, Jackson, Nikol'ski?-type inequalities) (41A17) Rate of convergence, degree of approximation (41A25) Inverse theorems in approximation theory (41A27) Approximation by positive operators (41A36)

Review text

The paper deals with the following sequence of Baskakov-type operators defined for natural \(n\) by \[ V_nf(x)=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}P_{n,k}(x)v_{n,k}(f), \] where \[ P_{n,k}(x)={n+k-1\choose k}x^k(1+x)^{-n-k},\;k\in {\mathbb N}_0={\mathbb N}\cup \{0\}, \] \[ v_{n,0}(f)=f(0);\;\;v_{n,k}(f)=(n+1)\int _{0}^{\infty}P_{n+2,k-1}(y)f(y)dy,\;k\in {\mathbb N}, \] and \(f\) is Lebesgue measurable on \((0,\infty )\) with a finite limit \(f(0)\) at \(0\). The paper shows that operators \(V_n\) are related to Baskakov operators in the same way as the well-known Goodman-Sharma operators are related to the classical Bernstein polynomials. Specifically, the main goal is the characterization of the uniform weighted approximation error \(\| w(f -V_nf)\| \) for weight functions given by \[ w(x)=w(\gamma_0,\gamma_{\infty };x)=\left({x \over 1+x}\right)^{\gamma_0}(1+x)^{\gamma_{\infty }} \] for \(x\in [0,\infty )\) and real \(\gamma_0\), \(\gamma_{\infty }\). The main result of the paper is stated below. First, the required notation is written. By \(C[0,\infty )\) the authors denote the space of all functions continuous on \([0,\infty )\). The functions from \(C[0,\infty )\) are not expected to be bounded or uniformly continuous. By \(L_{\infty} [0,\infty )\) we denote the space of all Lebesgue measurable and essentially bounded in \([0,\infty )\) functions equipped with the uniform norm \(\| \cdot \| \). For a weight function \(w\) we set \(C(w) = \{f\in C[0,\infty ): wf\in L_{\infty}[0,\infty )\}\) and \[ W^2(w\psi )=\{g,g'\in AC_{\text{loc}}(0,\infty ): w\psi D^2g\in L_{\infty}[0,\infty )\}, \] where \(AC_{\text{loc}}(0,\infty )\) consists of the functions which are absolutely continuous in \([a,b]\) for every \([a,b]\subset (0,\infty)\). Set \(C_0(w)=\{f\in C(w):f(0)=0\}\). Similarly, by \(W_0^2(w\psi )\) we denote the subspace of \(W^2(w\psi )\) of functions \(g\) satisfying the additional boundary condition \[ \lim_{x\rightarrow 0+0}\psi (x)D^2g(x)=0. \] The weighted approximation error of \(V_n\) will be compared with the \(K\)-functional between the weighted spaces \(C(w)\) and \(W^2(w\psi )\), which for every \(f\in C(w)+W^2(w\psi )\) and \(t>0\) is defined by \[ K_w(f,t)= \inf \{\| w(f-g)\| +t\| w\psi D^2g\| :g\in W^2(w\psi ),f-g\in C(w)\}. \] Theorem. Let \(w=w(\gamma_0, \gamma_{\infty })\) as above with \(\gamma_0, \gamma_{\infty }\in [-1,0]\). Then for every \(f\in C(w)+W^2(w\psi )\) and every \(n\in {\mathbb N}\), \(n\geq 4\), we have \[ \| w(f-V_nf)\| \leq 2K_w(f,1/(2n))\leq 13.7\| w(f-V_nf)\| . \]

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