When is the complement of the diagonal of a LOTS functionally countable?

DOI10.1007/S10474-023-01314-WMaRDI QIDQ6155547zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors L. Enrique Gutiérrez-Domínguez, Rodrigo Hernández-Gutiérrez

Publication date 5 June 2023

Published in Acta Mathematica Hungarica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.14408

zbMATH Keywords

Aronszajn linefunctionally countablelinearly ordered spaceSouslin line

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Total orders (06A05) Consistency and independence results in general topology (54A35) Real-valued functions in general topology (54C30) Linearly ordered topological spaces, generalized ordered spaces, and partially ordered spaces (54F05)

Abstract: In a 2021 paper, Vladimir Tkachuk asked whether there is a non-separable LOTS $X$ such that $X^{2}setminuslanglex,xanglecolonxinX$ is functionally countable. In this paper we prove that such a space, if it exists, must be an Aronszajn line and admits a $leq2$-to-$1$ retraction to a subspace that is a Suslin line. After this, assuming the existence of a Suslin line, we prove that there is Suslin line that is functionally countable. Finally, we present an example of a functionally countable Suslin line $L$ such that $L^{2}setminuslanglex,xanglecolonxinL$ is not functionally countable.

Review text

A space \(X\) is said to be functionally countable if the set \(f(X)\) is countable for any continuous function \(f:X \to \mathbb{R}\). \textit{V. V. Tkachuk} [Stud. Sci. Math. Hung. 58, No. 3, 398--407 (2021; Zbl 1499.54137)] established that (in ZFC) there is a non-separable \(\sigma\)-compact space \(X\) such that \(X^2 \setminus D_X\) is functionally countable and asked if there is a non-separable LOTS \(X\) such that \(X^2 \setminus D_X\) is functionally countable, where \(D_X = \{(x,x): x\in X\}\) is the diagonal of \(X\). Working on this question the authors of this paper proved: if there is an uncountable LOTS such that \(X^2 \setminus D_X\) is functionally countable, then \(X\) is an Aronszajn line which contains a Souslin line. They also proved that under assumption that there is a Souslin line the following hold: (i) there is a functionally countable Soulsin line, and (ii) there exists a Souslin line \(L\) which is functionally countable, but \(L^2 \setminus D_L\) is not functionally countable. Two interesting open questions are posed: (1) is there a functionally countable Aronszajn line in ZFC?, (2) is it consistent that there is a Souslin line \(L\) with \(L^2\setminus D_L\) is functionally countable?

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Cites work

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Cited in

(3)

• A Corson Compact Space is Countable if the Complement of its Diagonal is Functionally Countable
• Relatively functionally countable subsets of products
• Comparing functional countability and exponential separability

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