Zero-free regions for a rational function with applications
Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15) General theory of numerical methods in complex analysis (potential theory, etc.) (65E05) Controllability (93B05) Pole and zero placement problems (93B55)
The authors study the rational complex function \[ \varphi_n (z):= \sum_{k=0}^{2n} {{(-1)^n} \over {z-p_k}}, \] where \(n>0\) and the \(p_k\) are real numbers satisfying the interlacing property: \(p_k< p_{k+1}\) for \(0\leq k<2n\), which plays an important role in several problems of interest, for example in eigenvalue problems and linear control theory. Their main interest is to locate zero-free regions of \(\varphi_n\), and to determine a lower bound on the imaginary part of the roots of the zeros of \(\varphi_n\). In section 2, the authors relate this question to several problems ranging from eigenpair determination to controllability of linear systems. In section 3, they derive lower and upper bounds for \(\varphi_n\) on the real axis, and show in particular that its zeros are complex. In section 4, they identify zero-free regions of the complex plane, and show that the roots \(z\) of \(\varphi_n\) are bounded away from the real axis.
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