Zeta functions of groups.
To a finitely generated group \(G\) it is associated the sequence \(\{a_n(G)\}\), where \(a_n(G)\) is the number of subgroups of index exactly \(n\) in \(G\). The authors present an overview of the state of knowledge on the arithmetic behaviour of the sequence \(\{a_n(G)\}\) for a particular group \(G\) and about how this varies when \(G\) ranges over a class of groups. The zeta function of \(G\) is defined by \[ \zeta_G(s)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n(G)n^{-s}. \] If \(a_n(G)\) grows at most polynomially with \(n\), then the series has a finite abscissa of convergence \(\alpha_G\) and defines an analytic function of the complex variable \(s\), holomorphic in the right half-plane \(\text{Re}(s)>\alpha_G\). Thus \(\alpha_G\) is finite precisely when the group \(G\) has polynomial subgroup growth (PSG). The groups with PSG are known. They include all finitely generated nilpotent groups. When \(G\) is nilpotent, the arithmetical function \(a_n(G)\) is weakly multiplicative, and the zeta function has an Euler product \[ \zeta_G(s)=\prod_p\zeta_{G,p}(s), \] where the product is over all primes and \(\zeta_{G,p}(s)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty a_{p^k}(G)p^{-ks}\). For any torsion-free finitely generated nilpotent group \(G\), the function \(\zeta_{G,p}(s) \) is a rational function of \(p^{-s}\). For any group \(G\) it holds that \[ \zeta_G(s)=\zeta_{\widehat G}(s), \] where \(\widehat G\) is the profinite completion of \(G\), and by \(a_n(\widehat G)\) one understands the number of open subgroups of index \(n\) in \(\widehat G\). For every compact \(p\)-adic analytic group \(\Gamma\), the function \(\zeta_{\Gamma,p}(s)\) is a rational function of \(p^{-s}\). For a finitely generated nilpotent group \(G\) the abscissa \(\alpha_G\) is always a rational number and the zeta function \(\zeta_G(s)\) has a meromorphic continuation to the left of \(\alpha_G\), which in turn implies that the number of subgroups of index at most \(n\) in \(G\) grows asymptotically like \(c\cdot n^{\alpha_G}\cdot(\log n)^\beta\) for some integer \(\beta\geq 0\). For the entire collection see [Zbl 0945.00009].
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- Counting p-groups and nilpotent groups
- Functional equations for zeta functions of groups and rings
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- Rationality of twist representation zeta functions of compact p-adic analytic groups
- On the abscissae of Weil representation zeta functions for procyclic groups
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- Zeta functions of groups and rings -- functional equations and analytic uniformity
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