Boundary values of vector-valued Hardy spaces on nonsmooth domains and the Radon-Nikodym property (Q307006): Difference between revisions

The authors deal with open bounded starlike Lipschitz domains \(D\) centered at the origin, that is, \(D=\{(\rho,s); 0\leq \rho\leq \varphi(s), s\in S^{n-1}\}\) for some \(\delta_0>0\) and \(\varphi:S^{n-1}\to [\delta_0,\infty)\) with \(|\varphi(s)-\varphi(t)|\leq M|s-t|\) for \(t,s\in S^{n-1}=\{X\in \mathbb R^n: |X|=1\}\). In such a case, there exists the surface measure \(\sigma\) in \(\partial D\) which is equivalent to the \((n-1)\)-dimensional Hausdorff measure. There is a method to translate the results for classical harmonic functions to the solutions of a stationary Schrödinger equation and to replace the Laplace operator \(\Delta\) by the stationary Schrödinger equation \(L=\Delta- V\) where \(V\) is a positive potential in \(L^p(D)\), \(p\geq n/2\). Recall that for each \(X\in D\), \(\omega^X\) stands for the harmonic measure with pole in \(X\) suported on \(\partial D\), that is, the measure corresponding to the linear functional \(f\to u(X)\) defined on \(C(\partial D)\), where \(u\) is the solution of the continuous Dirichlet problem \(Lu=0\) in \(D\) and \(u|_{\partial D}=f\). Of course, \(u(X)=\int_{\partial D} f(Q)\, d\omega^X(Q)\). Denoting by \(\omega\) the harmonic measure with pole the origin, one can define the kernel \(K(X,P)\) using the Radon-Nikodym derivative \(d\omega^X/ d\omega(P)\), also the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function of any other Borel measure \(\eta\) on \(\partial D\) and the non-tangential maximal function of vector-valued harmonic functions \(u:D\to \mathcal X\), where \(\mathcal X\) is a Banach space. Once the authors have all the machinery prepared, they introduce the vector-valued Hardy spaces \(\mathcal H^p_{\mathcal X}(D)\) as those functions of harmonic functions in \(D\) with non-tangential maximal function in \(L^p(\partial D, d\omega)\) and prove theorems analogous to those for vector-valued Hardy spaces defined in the unit disc \(\mathbb D\) proved by the reviewer (see [\textit{O. Blasco}, J. Funct. Anal. 78, No. 2, 346--364 (1988; Zbl 0658.46031)]). It was already shown by \textit{S. Pérez-Esteva} and \textit{J. Rivera-Noriega} that \(\mathcal X\) has RNP if and only if any \(u\in \mathcal H^p_{\mathcal X}(D)\) has non-tangential limits for \(1\leq p\leq \infty\) (see [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 330, No. 1, 388--405 (2007; Zbl 1122.46019)]) and in this paper the authors prove that without the RNP, the boundary values of \(\mathcal H^p_{\mathcal X}(D)\) can be identified with vector-valued measures in \(\partial D\) of \(p\)-bounded variation for \(1<p\leq \infty\). They also consider the appropriate framework that generalizes for the heat equation the environment already described for harmonic functions, by considering the notion of caloric measure and caloric Hardy spaces, obtaining also the characterization of the RNP in these terms.