R\(\urcorner\)-algebras and R\(\urcorner\)-model structures as power constructs (Q909651): Difference between revisions

R\(\urcorner\) comes from the system R of relevant implication by adding a second negation (Boolean negation) with appropriate new axioms. Like other relevant logics it has relational model structures, \(R\urcorner\)- model structures, and algebras, \(R\urcorner\)-algebras. Various explicit relationships between logical, semantic and algebraic postulates have been known for some time. (See \textit{R. K. Meyer} and \textit{R. Routley} [Logique Anal., Nouv. Sér. 15, 407-428 (1972; Zbl 0336.02020)] and \textit{R. Routley} et al. [Relevant logics and their rivals, Vol. 1 (1982; Zbl 0579.03011)]. This paper goes further to show when and how \(R\urcorner\)- algebras and \(R\urcorner\)-model structures can be obtained from one another via the algebraic constructions forming the power algebra of a given algebra or relational structure. More particularly, first define for any n-ary operation f: \(U^ n\to U\), its power operation \(f\uparrow: {\mathcal P}(U)^ n\to {\mathcal P}(U)\) so that for any subsets \(X_ 0,...,X_ n\) of U, \(f\uparrow (X_ 0,...,X_ n)=\{f(x_ 0,...,x_ n):\) \(x_ i\) an element of \(X_ i\}\). Then for any algebra \({\mathcal U}=<U;f_ 0,...,f_ k>\), its power algebra \({\mathcal P}({\mathcal U})=<{\mathcal P}(U);u,-,U,f_ 0\uparrow,...,f_ k\uparrow >\) where u is set union and - is complementation. Next, given any \((n+1)\)- ary relation \(R\subseteq U^{n+1}\), define its power operation \(R\uparrow: {\mathcal P}(U)^ n\to {\mathcal P}(U)\) such that for any \(X_ 0,...,X_ n\subseteq U\), \(R\uparrow (X_ 0,...,X_ n)=\{z:\) for some \(x_ 0\) in \(X_ 0\),..., \(x_ n\) in \(X_ n\), \(Rx_ 0,...,x_ n,z\}\). So now define for any relational structure \({\mathcal U}=<U;R_ 0,...,R_ k>\) its power algebra \({\mathcal P}({\mathcal U})=<{\mathcal P}(U);u,-,U,R_ 0\uparrow,...,R_ k\uparrow >.\) The author then shows that the power algebra for any \(R\urcorner\)-model structure is an \(R\urcorner\)-algebra, and that the ultrafilters in the power algebra of any \(R\urcorner\)-algebra form an \(R\urcorner\)-model structure. The paper next deals with representation, showing that every \(R\urcorner\)-algebra can be represented as a subalgebra of the power algebra of some \(R\urcorner\)-model structure, and that every \(R\urcorner\)-model structure can be represented as a substructure of the ultrafilter of some \(R\urcorner\)-algebra. The final result of the paper, reminiscent of \textit{A. Urquhart} [logique Anal., Nouv. Sér. 26, 345-357 (1983; Zbl 0557.03012)], locates a natural mathematical context in which \(R\urcorner\)-model structures arise, namely within spherical geometry. More specifically, it is shown that the associated multigroupoid of any spherical geometry is an \(R\urcorner\)-multigroupoid. And further connections are made with the polygroups of \textit{S. D. Comer} [Algebra Univ. 18, 77-94 (1984; Zbl 0549.20059)]. For further discussions and results on power algebras, see \textit{N. D. Gautam} [Arch. Math. Logik Grundlagenforsch. 3, 117-124 (1957; Zbl 0081.260)], \textit{M. N. Bleicher}, \textit{H. Schneider} and \textit{R. L. Wilson} [Algebra Univ. 3, 72-93 (1973; Zbl 0273.08010)], \textit{A. Shafaat} [Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 11, 213-218 (1974; Zbl 0295.08002), J. Aust. Math. Soc., Ser. A 21, 112-117 (1976; Zbl 0327.08005), Period. Math. Hung. 11, 89-94 (1980; Zbl 0443.08003)] and \textit{B. Jónsson} and \textit{A. Tarski} [Am. J. Math. 73, 891-939 (1951; Zbl 0045.315) and ibid. 74, 127-162 (1952; Zbl 0045.316)]. For further work on Boolean relevant logics see \textit{R. K. Meyer} and \textit{R. Routley} [Stud. Logica 32, 51-66 (1973; Zbl 0316.02029), ibid. 33, 183-194 (1974; Zbl 0316.02030)], \textit{R. K. Meyer} [J. Philos. Logic 3, 53-86 (1974; Zbl 0278.02025)], \textit{S. Giambrone} and \textit{R. K. Meyer} [Stud. Logica 48, 1-14 (1989)] and \textit{R. Routley} et al. [loc. cit.].