Gevrey normal forms of vector fields with one zero eigenvalue (Q2427766): Difference between revisions

This paper deals with the transformation to normal form for isolated singularities of vector fields in \(\mathbb{C}^{n+1}\) with one zero eigenvalue. It is shown that this transformation is either convergent or divergent of at most Gevrey type. Conditions for summability of the normalizing transformations are also given. Assume the origin is an isolated singularity of an analytic vector field in \(\mathbb{C}^{n+1}\) of the form: \[ \dot{x} \, = \, A_0 \, x \, + \, \beta(x,z), \quad \dot{z} \, = \, \gamma(x,z), \tag{1} \] where \(x \in \mathbb{C}^n\), \(z \in \mathbb{C}\), \(A_0\) is a diagonal matrix whose eigenvalues are all different from zero and distinct and \(\beta\) and \(\gamma\) have no constant nor linear terms. The first result of the paper, Proposition 1, proves the existence of a transformation that brings system ({1}) to the prenormal form: \[ \dot{x} \, = \, A(z) \, x \, + \, z^r \, f(x,z), \quad \dot{z} \, = \, a \, z^{r+1}, \tag{2} \] where \(a \in \mathbb{C}\backslash \{ 0 \}\), \(A(z)\) is a diagonal matrix function with \(A(0)=A_0\), \(f(x,z)\) is an analytic function with \(f(0,0)=0\) and \(r \geq 1\) is called the Poincaré rank of the equations. The transformation from ({1}) to ({2}) is shown to be of the form \((x,z) \mapsto (\tilde{x},z)\) with \(x=P(z)+z^{2r+1}Q(z) \tilde{x}\) for suitable polynomial \(P(z)\) and polynomial matrix \(Q(z)\) with \(Q(0)=\text{ id}\). Theorem 1 ensures the existence of a normalizing conjugacy \(x=y+z^r \psi(y,z)\) which is a formal power series in \(z\) and with analytic coefficients in \(y\), which transforms ({2}) to the normal form: \[ \dot{y} \, = \, A(z) \, y \, + \, z^r \, g(y,z), \quad \dot{z} \, = \, a \, z^{r+1}, \tag{3} \] where \(g(y,z)\) only contains resonant monomials. Under the assumption of a spectral condition on \(A_0\), the transformation is shown to be of Gevrey type with respect to \(z\). Theorem 2 deals with the particular case \(n=1\) in which the spectral condition is always satisfied. This fact allows to improve the previous result for \(n=1\) by ensuring the existence of a Gevrey-\(\frac{1}{r}\) series such that the vector field ({2}) with \(n=1\) can be brought to \[ \dot{x} \, = \, x, \quad \dot{z} \, = \, a(z) \, z^{r+1}, \] where \(a(0)=a/A_0\). The last main result of the paper, Theorem 3, deals with the transformation to normal form of ({2}) in the particular case \(r=a=1\) and some conditions are given to ensure the summability of this transformation, and thus, the existence of an analytic normal form in complex sectors around the singularity. Reviewer's remark: In some of his papers, Laurent Stolovitch has presented related work.