Perfect dexagon triple systems with given subsystems (Q1043652): Difference between revisions

Let \(v, \lambda\) be two positive integers and \(K\) be also a set of positive integers. A pairwise balanced design \((v, K, \lambda)\)-PBD is a pair \((X, A)\) where \(X\) is a \(v\)-set and \(A\) is a family of subsets of \(X\), called blocks, which are of size \(K\) and in which every unordered pair of points is contained in exactly \(\lambda\) of the blocks of \(A\). The integer \(v\) is called the order of PBD, when \(K = [k]\) . A \((v, [k], \lambda)\)-PBD is otherwise referred to as a balanced incomplete block design, denoted by \((v, k, \lambda)\)-BIBD. A \(\lambda\)-fold triple system of order \(v\) (denoted by \(\text{TS}(v,\lambda)\) is just a \((v, 3, \lambda)\)-BIBD. When \(\lambda=1\), it is called as a Steiner triple system (STS(\(v\))). A graph consisting of the six triples (or triangles) \(\{a,b,c\}\), \(\{c,d,e\}\), \(\{e, f, a\}\), \(\{x, a, y\}\), \(\{ x, c,z\}\), \(\{x,e,w\}\), where \(a\), \(b\), \(c\), \(d\), \(e\), \(f\), \(x\), \(y\) and \(w\) are distinct, is called as a dexagon triple. In this case the six edges \(\{a,c\}\), \(\{c,e\}\), \(\{e,a\} \{x,a\}\), \(\{x,c\}\) and \(\{x,e\}\) form a copy of \(K_4\) and are called the inside edges of the dexagon triple. A dexagon triple system of order \(v\) is a pair (\(X, L\)), where \(L\) is a collection of edge disjoint dexagon triples, which partitions the edge set of \(3K_v\). A dexagon triple system is said to be perfect if the inside copies of \(K_4\) form a \((v, 4, 1)\)-BIBD and the PDTS (\(v\)) denotes a perfect dexagon triple of order \(v\). \textit{C.C. Lindner} and \textit{A.Rosa} [``Perfect dexagon triple systems'', Discrete Math. 308, No. 2-3, 214--219 (2008; Zbl 1133.05013)] determined the spectrum of these perfect dexagon triple system. Interestingly this problem of constructing a \((v,k,\lambda)\)-BIBD containing a subsystem has been extensively studied by many researchers. For example, \textit{J. Doyen} and \textit{R.M. Wilson} [``Embeddings of Steiner triple systems'', Discrete Math. 5, 229--239 (1973; Zbl 0263.05017)] provided the sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of a STS(\(v\)) containing an STS(\(u\)) as a subsystem are \(v \geq 2u+1\), and \(v, u \equiv 1,3 \pmod 6\). This is known as Doyen-Wilson Theorem, which has been generalized by \textit{G. Stern} and \textit{H. Lenz} in [``Steiner triple systems with given subspaces; another proof of the Doyen- Wilson-theorem'', Boll. Unione Mat. Ital., V. Ser., A 17, 109--114 (1980; Zbl 0501.05012)] to all indieces and proved that the necessary conditions for the existence of a \(\text{TS}(v,\lambda)\) containing a \(\text{TS}(u,\lambda)\) as a subsystem are also sufficient conditions. And in 1989, \textit{R. Rees} and {|it D.R. Stinson} [``On the existence of incomplete designs of block size four having one hole'', Util. Math. 35, 119--152 (1989; Zbl 0678.05009)] showed that a \((v,4,1)\)-BIBD containing \((u,4,1)\)-BIBD as a subsystem if and only if \(v \geq 3u+1\), and \(v, u \equiv1,4 \pmod{12}\). As such in the present context the author of this paper determines the spectrum of PDTS(v)s with subsystems since a \(\text{PDTS}(v)\) containing \(\text{PDTS}(u)\) as a subsystem has a \(\text{TS}(v,3)\) contains a \(\text{TS}(u,3)\) as a subsystem and a \((v,4,1)\)-BIBD containing \((u,4,1)\)-BIBD as a subsystem. And thus finally the author shows that the necessary conditions for the existence of a dexagon triple system of order \(v\), with a sub-dexagon triple system of order \(u\) are also sufficient.