Berezin transform on the harmonic Fock space (Q961079): Difference between revisions

The paper under consideration studies the Berezin transform associated to the harmonic Fock (Segal-Bargmann) space on \(\mathbb{C}^n\) and certain asymptotic expansions of the transform in terms of differential operators. Recall that the Segal-Bargmann space \(\mathcal{F}_h\) is the collection of all entire functions on \(\mathbb{C}^n\) that are square integrable with respect to the Gaussian measure \[ d\mu_h(z):=\frac{1}{(\pi h)^n}e^{-\frac{|z|^2}{h}} dz, \quad h>0 \] with \(dz\) the Lebesgue measure on \(\mathbb{C}^n\). A well-known fact is that this space has a reproducing kernel given by \[ K_h(x,y)=e^{\frac{x\cdot \overline{y}}{h}} \] with \(x\cdot\overline{y}\) the standard inner product in \(\mathbb{C}^n\). With this kernel, for any function \(f\in\mathcal{F}_h\), we have that \[ f(x)=\langle f, K_h(\cdot,x)\rangle_{\mathcal{F}_h}=\int_{\mathbb{C}^n}f(y) K_h(x,y) d\mu_h(y). \] Then, given \(f\in L^\infty(\mathbb{C}^n)\), the Berezin transform \(B_hf\) is the function on \(\mathbb{C}^n\) given by \[ \begin{aligned} B_h f(x) := \frac{\langle f K_h(\cdot, x),K_h(\cdot, x)\rangle_{\mathcal{F}_h}}{\langle K_h(\cdot, x),K_h(\cdot, x)\rangle_{\mathcal{F}_h}} & = \frac{1}{K_h(x,x)}\int_{\mathbb{C}^n}f(y)|K_h(x,y)|^2d\mu_h(y)\\ & = \frac{1}{(\pi h)^n}\int_{\mathbb{C}^n}f(y) e^{-\frac{|x-y|^2}{4}}dy\\ & = (e^{h\frac{\Delta}{4}})(x)\\ & \approx \sum_{j=0}^\infty h^{j}\frac{\Delta^j f(x)}{j!4^j}. \end{aligned} \] These last expressions show that the Berezin transform \(B_h\) is the heat solution operator \(e^{t\Delta}\) at the time \(t=\frac{h}{4}\) and that there are certain asymptotic expansions for the Berezin transforms of a given function in terms of the powers of the Laplacian. Now, we introduce the harmonic Segal-Bargmann space on \(\mathbb{C}^n\) (or equivalently \(\mathbb{R}^{2n}\)). This is the space of harmonic functions in \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^{2n};d\mu_h)\) when \(n>1\), i.e., \[ \mathcal{H}_h:=\{f\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^{2n};d\mu_h): \Delta f=0\}. \] To state the main result of this paper, we recall the radial derivative \(\mathcal{R}\), which is given by \[ \mathcal{R}:=\sum_{j=1}^n\left(z_j \frac{\partial}{\partial z_j}+\overline{z}_j \frac{\partial}{\partial \overline{z}_j}\right)=\sum_{j=1}^n\left(x_j \frac{\partial}{\partial x_j}+y_j \frac{\partial}{\partial y_j}\right) \] with \(z_j=x_j+iy_j\). One then defines the harmonic Berezin transform in an analogous manner, but uses the reproducing kernel for the harmonic Segal-Bargmann space. The main result is then the following theorem. Theorem. There exist linear differential operators \(R_0, R_1, \dots\) on \(\mathbb{R}^{2n}\setminus\{0\}\) of the form \[ R_j=\sum_{\substack{{k,l\geq 0}\\ {k+2l\leq 2j}}} \rho_{jkl}|y|^{2l-2j}\mathcal{R}^k\Delta^l \] with some constants \(\rho_{jkl}\) (depending only on \(n\)), such that for any \(y\neq 0\) and any \(f\in L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^{2n})\) smooth in a neighbourhood of \(y\) the harmonic Berezin transform \(B_h^{harm}\) has the asymptotic expansion \[ B_h^{harm}f(y)\approx\sum_{j=0}^\infty h^j R_j f(y) \] as \(h\to 0\), while, for \(y=0\) and any \(f\in L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^{2n})\) smooth in a neighborhood of the origin, we have \[ B_h^{harm}f(0)\approx\sum_{j=0}^\infty h^j \frac{\Delta^j f(0)}{j!4^j} \] as \(h\to 0\). Furthermore, we have that \(R_0=I\), the identity operator, and \(R_1\) is given by \[ R_1=\frac{\Delta}{4(2n-1)}+\frac{(4n-3)(n-1)}{2(2n-1)|y|^2}\mathcal{R}+\frac{n-1}{2(2n-1)|y|^2}\mathcal{R}^2. \] The method of proof is as follows. First, the author computes the reproducing kernels of the space \(\mathcal{H}_h\). The kernels in this case are given by an expression of hypergeometric functions of two variables. The asymptotic behavior of the harmonic Berezin transform is then demonstrated via a contour integral and a variant of the stationary phase method. These facts are then put together to prove the main result of the paper. Some of these ideas are applied to obtain further representations of the kernel for the harmonic Segal-Bargmann space. The paper ends with some open problems that would be of interest to resolve.