Concerning some variants of \(C\)-embedding in pointfree topology (Q645192): Difference between revisions

Let \(h: L\to M\) be an onto frame homomorphism. A frame homomorphism \(\delta:\mathfrak{O}\mathbb{R}\to L\) is an extension of a frame homomorphism \(\gamma:\mathfrak{O}\mathbb{R}\to M\) over \(h\) if \(h\delta=\gamma\). The frame \(M\) is a \(C\)-quotient and \(h\) is a \(C\)-quotient map if every frame homomorphism \(\gamma:\mathfrak{O}\mathbb{R}\to M\) has an extension over \(h\). Restricting \(\gamma\) to bounded functions defines \(C^*\)-quotient maps. In this interesting paper, the authors introduce and study three types of quotient maps closely related to \(C\)- and \(C^*\)-quotient maps, namely, \(C_1\)-quotient maps, strong \(C_1\)-quotient maps and uplifting quotient maps. The first two are defined in terms of complete separation (two quotients \(h_M: L\to M\) and \(h_N: L\to N\) are completely separated if there are cozero elements \(c\) and \(d\) of \(L\) such that \(c\vee d=1\), \(h_M(c)=0\) and \(h_N(d)=0\)): a quotient map \(h: L\to M\) is a \(C_1\)-quotient map if, whenever a cozero element \(c\) of \(L\) and a cozero element \(d\) of \(M\) are such that \(h(c)\vee d=1\), then the quotients \(\mathfrak{c}_c: L\to \uparrow\! c\) and \(\mathfrak{c}_d\cdot h: L\to M\to \uparrow\! d\) are completely separated; it is a strong \(C_1\)-quotient map if, whenever \(a\in L\) and a cozero element \(d\) of \(M\) are such that \(h(a)\) is a cozero element of \(M\) and \(h(a)\vee d=1\), then the quotients \(\mathfrak{c}_c: L\to \uparrow\! c\) and \(\mathfrak{c}_d\cdot h: L\to M\to \uparrow\! d\) are completely separated. On the other hand, \(h: L\to M\) is uplifting if, for all \(a,b\in M\), \(a\vee b=1\) implies \(h_*(a)\vee h_*(b)=1\), where \(h_*\) denotes the right adjoint of \(h\) given by \(h_*(a)=\bigvee\{x\in L\mid h(x)\leq a\}\). They show the following: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] A quotient map is \(C_1\) if and only if every maximal ideal of the cozero part of its codomain contains the image of some maximal ideal of the cozero part of its domain. \item[(2)] \(C_1\)-quotient maps are precisely those \(h: L\to M\) whose induced ring homomorphisms \(\mathfrak{R}h: \mathfrak{R}L\to \mathfrak{R}M\) contract maximal ideals to maximal ideals. A consequence of this is that a subspace \(S\) of a Tychonoff space \(X\) is \(C_1\)-embedded if and only if the ring homomorphism \(C(X)\to C(S)\), given by \(f\mapsto f_{\mid S}\), contracts maximal ideals to maximal ideals. \item[(3)] Every homomorphism onto a frame is a \(C_1\)-, a strong \(C_1\)-, or an uplifting quotient map if and only if the frame is pseudocompact, compact, or almost compact and normal, respectively. \item[(4)] A frame is \(\delta\)-normally separated if and only if every closed quotient map is a \(C_1\)-quotient map. \item[(5)] A frame \(L\) is normal if and only if every uplifting quotient map out of \(L\) is a \(C^*\)-quotient map, if and only if every \(C^*\)-quotient map onto \(L\) is uplifting. \item[(6)] Under certain conditions, the Stone extension of a quotient map is \(C_1\)-, strong \(C_1\)-, or uplifting if the map has the corresponding property. \end{itemize}} Then, in the last section of the paper, they seek conditions under which the meet (in the assembly frame) of two quotients is \(C_1\), strongly \(C_1\), or uplifting if the quotients have the corresponding property.