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In a normed space \(X\), by the Hahn-Banach theorem, a vector \(\xi\) is orthogonal to a vector \(\eta\) in the Birkhoff-James sense (that is, \(\|\xi+\lambda \eta \|\geq \| \xi\|\) for all \(\lambda \in \mathbb{C}\)) if and only if there is a norm one linear functional \(f\) on \(X\) such that \(f(\xi) = \|\xi\|\) and \(f(\eta) = 0\). Inspired by this fact, the authors characterize the Birkhoff-James orthogonality for elements of a Hilbert \(C^{\ast }\)-module in terms of states of the underlying \(C^{\ast }\)-algebra. They also characterize Hilbert modules in which the Birkhoff-James orthogonality coincides with the orthogonality with respect to the \(C^{\ast }\)-valued inner product by showing that it is the case only in Hilbert spaces. They characterize the norm triangle equality in terms of the Birkhoff-James orthogonality in Hilbert \(C^{\ast }\)-modules. They first show that the triangle equality \(\|\xi+\eta\|=\|\xi\|+\|\eta\|\) holds for two elements of a normed linear space exactly when \(\xi\) is Birkhoff-James-orthogonal to \(\|\eta\|\xi-\|\xi\|\eta\). They then show that the triangle equality \(\|x+y\|=\|x\|+\|y\|\) holds for elements \(x, y\) of a Hilbert \(C^{\ast }\)-module exactly when equalities in the triangle inequality \(\|\langle x,x\rangle+\langle x,y\rangle\| \leq \|\langle x,x\rangle\|+\|\langle x,y\rangle\|\) and the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality \(\|\langle x,y\rangle\|^2 \leq \|\langle x,x\rangle\|\,\|\langle y,y\rangle\|\) are attained. Related to the Birkhoff-James orthogonality and the norm-parallel relation \(||\) (\(x||y\) means \(\|\xi+\lambda \eta\|=\|\xi\|+\|\eta\|\) for some unit \(\lambda \in \mathbb{C}\)), they consider a special class of elementary operators acting on a \(C^{\ast }\)-algebra which contains the ideal of all compact Hilbert space operators. | |||
Property / review text: In a normed space \(X\), by the Hahn-Banach theorem, a vector \(\xi\) is orthogonal to a vector \(\eta\) in the Birkhoff-James sense (that is, \(\|\xi+\lambda \eta \|\geq \| \xi\|\) for all \(\lambda \in \mathbb{C}\)) if and only if there is a norm one linear functional \(f\) on \(X\) such that \(f(\xi) = \|\xi\|\) and \(f(\eta) = 0\). Inspired by this fact, the authors characterize the Birkhoff-James orthogonality for elements of a Hilbert \(C^{\ast }\)-module in terms of states of the underlying \(C^{\ast }\)-algebra. They also characterize Hilbert modules in which the Birkhoff-James orthogonality coincides with the orthogonality with respect to the \(C^{\ast }\)-valued inner product by showing that it is the case only in Hilbert spaces. They characterize the norm triangle equality in terms of the Birkhoff-James orthogonality in Hilbert \(C^{\ast }\)-modules. They first show that the triangle equality \(\|\xi+\eta\|=\|\xi\|+\|\eta\|\) holds for two elements of a normed linear space exactly when \(\xi\) is Birkhoff-James-orthogonal to \(\|\eta\|\xi-\|\xi\|\eta\). They then show that the triangle equality \(\|x+y\|=\|x\|+\|y\|\) holds for elements \(x, y\) of a Hilbert \(C^{\ast }\)-module exactly when equalities in the triangle inequality \(\|\langle x,x\rangle+\langle x,y\rangle\| \leq \|\langle x,x\rangle\|+\|\langle x,y\rangle\|\) and the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality \(\|\langle x,y\rangle\|^2 \leq \|\langle x,x\rangle\|\,\|\langle y,y\rangle\|\) are attained. Related to the Birkhoff-James orthogonality and the norm-parallel relation \(||\) (\(x||y\) means \(\|\xi+\lambda \eta\|=\|\xi\|+\|\eta\|\) for some unit \(\lambda \in \mathbb{C}\)), they consider a special class of elementary operators acting on a \(C^{\ast }\)-algebra which contains the ideal of all compact Hilbert space operators. / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 46L08 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 46B20 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 47A30 / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH DE Number | |||
Property / zbMATH DE Number: 6072640 / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
Birkhoff-James orthogonality | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Birkhoff-James orthogonality / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
\(C^{\ast }\)-algebra | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: \(C^{\ast }\)-algebra / rank | |||
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Hilbert \(C^{\ast }\)-module | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Hilbert \(C^{\ast }\)-module / rank | |||
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triangle inequality | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: triangle inequality / rank | |||
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state | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: state / rank | |||
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Property / reviewed by | |||
Property / reviewed by: Mohammad Sal Moslehian / rank | |||
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Property / MaRDI profile type | |||
Property / MaRDI profile type: MaRDI publication profile / rank | |||
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Property / full work available at URL | |||
Property / full work available at URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2012.05.011 / rank | |||
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Property / OpenAlex ID | |||
Property / OpenAlex ID: W2087524353 / rank | |||
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links / mardi / name | links / mardi / name | ||
Latest revision as of 15:10, 5 July 2024
scientific article
Language | Label | Description | Also known as |
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English | The Birkhoff-James orthogonality in Hilbert \(C^{\ast }\)-modules |
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The Birkhoff-James orthogonality in Hilbert \(C^{\ast }\)-modules (English)
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27 August 2012
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In a normed space \(X\), by the Hahn-Banach theorem, a vector \(\xi\) is orthogonal to a vector \(\eta\) in the Birkhoff-James sense (that is, \(\|\xi+\lambda \eta \|\geq \| \xi\|\) for all \(\lambda \in \mathbb{C}\)) if and only if there is a norm one linear functional \(f\) on \(X\) such that \(f(\xi) = \|\xi\|\) and \(f(\eta) = 0\). Inspired by this fact, the authors characterize the Birkhoff-James orthogonality for elements of a Hilbert \(C^{\ast }\)-module in terms of states of the underlying \(C^{\ast }\)-algebra. They also characterize Hilbert modules in which the Birkhoff-James orthogonality coincides with the orthogonality with respect to the \(C^{\ast }\)-valued inner product by showing that it is the case only in Hilbert spaces. They characterize the norm triangle equality in terms of the Birkhoff-James orthogonality in Hilbert \(C^{\ast }\)-modules. They first show that the triangle equality \(\|\xi+\eta\|=\|\xi\|+\|\eta\|\) holds for two elements of a normed linear space exactly when \(\xi\) is Birkhoff-James-orthogonal to \(\|\eta\|\xi-\|\xi\|\eta\). They then show that the triangle equality \(\|x+y\|=\|x\|+\|y\|\) holds for elements \(x, y\) of a Hilbert \(C^{\ast }\)-module exactly when equalities in the triangle inequality \(\|\langle x,x\rangle+\langle x,y\rangle\| \leq \|\langle x,x\rangle\|+\|\langle x,y\rangle\|\) and the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality \(\|\langle x,y\rangle\|^2 \leq \|\langle x,x\rangle\|\,\|\langle y,y\rangle\|\) are attained. Related to the Birkhoff-James orthogonality and the norm-parallel relation \(||\) (\(x||y\) means \(\|\xi+\lambda \eta\|=\|\xi\|+\|\eta\|\) for some unit \(\lambda \in \mathbb{C}\)), they consider a special class of elementary operators acting on a \(C^{\ast }\)-algebra which contains the ideal of all compact Hilbert space operators.
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Birkhoff-James orthogonality
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\(C^{\ast }\)-algebra
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Hilbert \(C^{\ast }\)-module
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triangle inequality
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state
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