The distribution of weighted sums of the Liouville function and Pólya's conjecture (Q1930115): Difference between revisions

Let \(\lambda\) be the Liouville function, i.e, the completely multiplicative function satisfying \(\lambda(p)=-1\) for each prime number \(p\). Let \(L_\alpha(x)\) be the weighted sum of function \(\lambda\) with weight \(\alpha\), and \(\mathcal{P}_\alpha \) be the set of non-positive values of this sum: \[ L_\alpha(x)=\sum_{n\leqslant x}\frac{\lambda(n)}{n^\alpha},\;\;\mathcal{P}_\alpha=\{x\in[1,\infty)\,:\,L_\alpha(x)\leqslant 0 \}. \] Three basic conditions are assumed, namely, the Riemann hypothesis, the linear independence hypothesis and the hypothesis that \[ \mathcal{J}_{-1}(T):=\sum_{0<\gamma<T}|\zeta'(\rho)|^{-2}\ll T, \] where the sum is taken over the non-trivial zeros \(\rho=\sigma+\text{i}\gamma\) of the Riemann zeta function \(\zeta\). Under these three conditions, it is shown, that \(1/2\leqslant\delta(\mathcal{P}_\alpha)<1\) for \(0\leqslant\alpha<1/2\), and \[ \lim_{\alpha\rightarrow 1/2-}\delta(\mathcal{P}_\alpha)=1, \] where \(\delta(\mathcal{P}_\alpha)\) denote the logaritmic density of set \(\mathcal{P}_\alpha\). Under the Riemann hypothesis and the hypothesis \(\mathcal{J}_{-1}(T)\ll T\), it is shown that \(\delta(\mathcal{P}_{1/2})=1\).