On lattices of varieties of restriction semigroups. (Q1955758): Difference between revisions

In the abstract of the paper the author writes: ``The left restriction semigroups have arisen in a number of contexts, one being as the abstract characterization of semigroups of partial maps, another as the `weakly left E-ample' semigroups of the `York school', and, more recently as a variety of unary semigroups defined by a set of simple identities.'' The author has initiated a study of the lattice of varieties of such semigroups and, in parallel, of their two-sided versions, the restriction semigroups. A \textit{left restriction semigroup} is a unary semigroup \((S,\cdot,^+)\) that satisfies the following identities \(x^+x=x\); \((x^+y)^+=x^+y^+\); \(x^+y^+=y^+x^+\); \(xy^+=(xy)^+x\). A \textit{right restriction semigroup} is a unary semigroup \((S,\cdot,^*)\) that satisfies the `dual' identities, obtained by replacing \(^+\) by \(^*\) and reversing the order of each expression. A \textit{restriction semigroup} is an `biunary' semigroup \((S,\cdot,^+,^*)\) that is a left restriction semigroup with respect to \(^+\), right restriction semigroup with respect to \(^*\), and satisfies \((x^+)^*=x^+\), \((x^*)^+=x^*\). As the author notes in the introduction ``\dots the variety of restriction semigroups is, in fact, that generated by inverse semigroups, when the inverse operation in the latter is `forgotten' and they are considered as `biunary' semigroups \((S,\cdot,^+,^*)\), where \(x^+=xx^{-1}\) and \(x^*=x^{-1}x\); the left restriction are the unary semigroups \((S,\cdot,^+)\) that result from retaining only the former operation.'' The most interesting features are soon found in the minimal varieties that do not consist of semilattices of monoids, associated with certain `forbidden' semigroups. In the case of restriction semigroups there are three such semigroups, namely the `upper and lower triangles' \(B^+\) and \(B^-\), respectively, as full subsemigroups of bicyclic semigroup, and the subsemigroup \(B_0\) of the five-element Brandt semigroup \(B_2\) that is obtained by omitting one of the two nonidempotents. The author notes in the abstract ``Also of interest in the one-sided case are the varieties consisting of unions of monoids, far indeed from any analogue for inverse semigroups.''