Some consequences of Arthur's work on the spectrum and topology of hyperbolic varieties (Q1955770): Difference between revisions

The paper under review deals with spectral and topological aspects of hyperbolic manifolds. More precisely, let \(G\) be a semisimple \({\mathbb Q}\)-group not coming from a twisted form \(\text{}^3D_4\) or \(\text{}^6D_4\), and such that \(G({\mathbb R})\) is the product of \(\mathrm{SO}(n,1)\) with a compact group. The paper contains several striking results which are interesting on their own, we will mention a few. Let \(M\) be the \(n\)-dimensional manifold \(\Gamma\backslash{\mathbb H}^n\) where \({\mathbb H}^n=\mathrm{SO}(n,1)/\mathrm{SO}(n)\) is the real hyperbolic space and \(\Gamma\subset G\) is a torsion-free congruence discrete subgroup of \(G\). One of the main results in the paper under review can be stated as follows (Theorem 1.2). The \(L^2\)-spectrum of the Laplace operator on functions on \(M\) is contained in the set: \[ \bigcup_{0\leq j<\frac{n-1}{2}}\left\{\left(\tfrac{n-1}{2}\right)^2-\left(\tfrac{n-1}{2}-j\right)^2\right\}\bigcup\;\left[\left(\tfrac{n-1}{2}\right)^2 -\left(\tfrac{1}{2}-\tfrac{1}{N^2+1}\right)^2;+\infty\right[ \] where \(N=n\) if \(n\) is even, and \(N=n+1\) otherwise. This result is connected with a conjecture of \textit{M. Burger} et al. [Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 26, No. 2, 253--257 (1992; Zbl 0762.22009)] predicting that the spectrum should be contained in \(\bigcup_{0\leq j<\frac{n-1}{2}}\big\{(\frac{n-1}{2})^2-(\frac{n-1}{2}-j)^2\big\}\bigcup\;[ (\frac{n-1}{2})^2;+\infty[\). As a byproduct, a result on the spectrum of the Laplacian on differential forms is proved. Actually, for \(0\leq k\leq\frac{n}{2}-1\), there exists a positive number \(\varepsilon(n,k)\) such that the first non-zero eigenvalue \(\lambda_1^k(M)\) of the Laplace operator on square integrable \(k\)-forms on \(M\) satisfies the following inequality: \[ \lambda_1^k\geq\varepsilon(n,k). \] Some results relating the (co-)homology of \(M\) with totally geodesic compact submanifolds are obtained. Let \(H\subset G\) be a semisimple group over \({\mathbb Q}\) which is stable under a Cartan involution of \(G\) such that \(H\) does not come from the twisted forms \({}^3D_4\) or \({}^6D_4\), and \(H({\mathbb R})\simeq \mathrm{SO}(k,1)\times(\text{compact})\) with \(k\leq n\). The totally geodesic immersion \(\Gamma\cap H\backslash{\mathbb H}^k\rightarrow\Gamma\backslash{\mathbb H}^n\) induces a map \[ H_\bullet(\Gamma\cap H\backslash{\mathbb H}^k)\rightarrow H_\bullet(\Gamma\backslash{\mathbb H}^n) \] between homology groups. Next, for \(g\in G({\mathbb Q})\), the immersion \((H\cap g^{-1}\Gamma g)\backslash{\mathbb H}^k\rightarrow\Gamma\backslash{\mathbb H}^n\) induces a map on cohomology groups \[ H^\bullet(\Gamma\backslash{\mathbb H}^n)\rightarrow \prod_{g\in G({\mathbb Q})}H^\bullet((H\cap g^{-1}\Gamma g)\backslash{\mathbb H}^k). \] Finally, one gets natural maps \[ H_\bullet(\mathrm{Sh}^0H)\rightarrow H_\bullet(\mathrm{Sh}^0G)\text{ and }H^\bullet(\mathrm{Sh}^0G)\rightarrow \prod_{g\in G({\mathbb Q})}H^\bullet(\mathrm{Sh}^0H) \] where \(H_\bullet(\mathrm{Sh}^0G)=\lim_{\leftarrow\;\Gamma\text{ cong.}}H_\bullet(\Gamma\backslash{\mathbb H}^n)\) and \(H^\bullet(\mathrm{Sh}^0G)=\lim_{\rightarrow\;\Gamma\text{ cong.}}H^\bullet(\Gamma\backslash{\mathbb H}^n)\); with similar definition for \(H_\bullet(\mathrm{Sh}^0H)\) and \(H^\bullet(\mathrm{Sh}^0H)\). Then Theorem 1.6 proved in the paper can be stated as follows. For any integer \(i\geq\frac{n}{2}\), the natural map \(H_i(\mathrm{Sh}^0H)\rightarrow H_i(\mathrm{Sh}^0G)\) is injective; while for any integer \(i\leq\frac{k}{2}\), the natural map \(H^\bullet(\mathrm{Sh}^0G)\rightarrow \prod_{g\in G({\mathbb Q})}H^\bullet(\mathrm{Sh}^0H)\) is injective.