The cohomologies of the Iwasawa manifold and of its small deformations (Q363217): Difference between revisions

On compact oriented Riemannian manifolds, Hodge theory allows us to compute cohomology solving systems of differential equations. We know that the de Rham complex admits a finite dimensional subcomplex for nilmnaifolds which are compact quotients of simply connected nilpotent Lie groups by co-compact discrete subgroups. This chain complex can be defined in Lie theoretic terms as a minimal model. Furthermore, the Dolbeault cohomology reduces to the cohomology of the corresponding finite dimensional complex of forms on the Lie algebra. Together with the Dolbeault cohomology, the Bott-Chern cohomology provides an important tool to study the geometry of complex manifolds. For a complex manifold \(X\) the Bott-Chern cohomology algebra of \(X\) is a bi-graded algebra defined by \[ {H_{BC}}^{*,*}(X) = \frac{\ker \partial \cap \ker\bar{\partial}} {\text{im\,} \partial \bar{\partial}}. \] It turns out that there is a Hodge theory also for the Bott-Chern cohomology and therefore, if \(X\) is compact, then the \(\mathbb C\)-vector space \({H_{BC}}^{*,*}(X)\) is finite dimensional; furthermore, if \(X\) is a compact Kähler manifold or, more generally, if \(X\) is in the Fujiki class, then the Dolbeault and Bott-Chern cohomologies coincide and they give a splitting for the de Rham cohomology algebra. In this paper, the author gives some tools to compute the Bott-Chern cohomology ring structure of some compact complex homogeneous manifolds. Let \(N=\Gamma \backslash G\) be a nilmanifold endowed with a \(G\)-left invariant complex structure \(J\), let \(\mathfrak{g}\) denote the Lie algebra associated with \(G\), and let \({\mathfrak{g}}_{\mathbb C} = \mathfrak{g} \otimes_{\mathbb R} \mathbb C\) denote its complexification. For any \(k\in \mathbb N\) and \(p,q \in \mathbb N\), let \({\wedge}^k N\) (respectively, \({\wedge}^k (N;\mathbb C)\), \({\wedge}^{p,q} N\)) denote the space of smooth global sections of the bundle of real \(k\)-forms (respectively, complex \(k\)-forms, \((p,q)\)-forms) on \(N\). For any \(p,q \in \mathbb N\), the \((p,q)\)-th Bott-Chern cohomology group \({H_{BC}}^{*,*}(N)\) of \(N\) is computed as the cohomology of the chain complex of these forms. The author proves the following result. Let \(N=\Gamma \backslash G\) be a nilmanifold endowed with a \(G\)-left invariant complex structure \(J\) and let \(\mathfrak{g}\) denote the Lie algebra associated with \(G\). Then for every \(p,q\in \mathbb N\), the injective homomorphism in the cohomology \[ i: \frac{\ker(d: {\wedge}^{p,q}{\mathfrak g}^*_{\mathbb C}\rightarrow {\wedge}^{p+q+1}{\mathfrak{g}}^*_{\mathbb C})}{\text{im} (\partial \bar{\partial}:{\wedge}^{p-1,q-1}{\mathfrak{g}}^*_{\mathbb C}\rightarrow {\wedge}^{p,q}{\mathfrak{g}}^*_{\mathbb C})} \rightarrow {H_{BC}}^{p,q}(N) \] is an isomorphism provided one of the following conditions holds: 1) \(N\) is holomorphically parallelizable; 2) \(J\) is an abelian complex structure; 3) \(J\) is a nilpotent complex structure; 4) \(J\) is a rational complex structure; 5) \(\mathfrak{g}\) admits a torus-bundle series compatible with \(J\) and with the rational structure induced by \(\Lambda\). Moreover, this property is open in the space of all \(G\)-left invariant complex structures on \(N\). Similar results are obtained for a certain class of solvmanifolds. Then the author uses these tools to explicitly calculate the Bott-Chern cohomology for a three-dimensional holomorphically parallelizable nilmanifold, the so-called Iwasawa manifold, and for its small deformations. This type of manifolds is not Kähler. Also the author shows that one can use the Bott-Chern cohomology to get a finer classification of small deformations of the Iwasawa manifold than using the Dolbeault cohomology.