Jacobi inversion on strata of the Jacobian of the \(C_{rs}\) curve \(y^r = f(x)\). II (Q2248635): Difference between revisions

Let \(X = \{ (x,y): y^r = f(x)\} \cup \infty\) be the complex plane curve with affine equation \[ y^r = f(x), \;\;\;\; f(x) = x^s + \lambda_{s-1} x^{s-1} + \dots + \lambda_1 x + \lambda_0 \] where \(r < s\) are relatively prime integers and the coefficients \(\lambda_i \in \mathbb C\) are chosen so that \(X\) is smooth away from \(\infty\); this \(C_{r,s}\) curve generalizes the standard form of a hyperelliptic curve (\(r=2\) and \(s=2g+1\)). Using a concrete basis \(\nu^I = (\nu_1^I, \dots \nu_g^I)^t\) for the space of differentials due to \textit{H. F. Baker} [Abelian functions. Abel's theorem and the allied theory of theta functions. Foreword by Igor Krichever. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press (1995; Zbl 0848.14012)] and \(\infty\) as a convenient base point for the Abel map \[ w: S^k (X) \to \mathbb C^g \to \mathbb C^g / \Lambda \cong {\mathcal J} (X), \;\;\;\; w(P_1, \dots, P_k) = \sum_{i=1}^k \int_{\infty}^{P_i} \nu^I \] the authors gave formulas inverting \(w\) for all \(1 \leq k \leq g\), where \(g = \frac{1}{2}(r-1)(s-1)\) is the genus of \(X\) [J. Math. Soc. Japan 60, 1009--1044 (2008; Zbl 1160.14018)]. These formulas were expressed as ratios of first partial derivatives of \(\sigma\) (Klein's generalization of Weierstrass' \(\sigma\)-function) and are valid away from the locus \(S_1^k (X)\) consisting of divisors \(D=P_1+ \dots + P_k\) with \(\dim |D| \geq 1\). The main goal of the current paper is a refinement of the Riemann singularity theorem, which says that for an effective divisor \(D_k \in S^k(X) - (S_1^k(X) \cup \{\infty\})\) of degree \(k\) and \(u=\int_{k \infty}^{D_k} \nu^I\), the mixed partial derivative \[ \frac{\partial^m }{\partial u_{\alpha_1} \dots \partial u_{\alpha_m}} \sigma(u). \] vanishes for all multi-indices \((\alpha_1, \dots, \alpha_m)\) with \(m < n_k = h^0(X,D_k+(g-k-q)\infty)\), but is non-vanishing for at least one multi-index with \(m=n_k\), which depends on \(D_k\) [\textit{E. Arbarello} et al., Geometry of algebraic curves. Volume I. New York etc.: Springer-Verlag (1985; Zbl 0559.14017)]. The main result is the construction of \(k+1\) explicit multi-indices denoted \(\natural_k, \natural_k^{(k)}, \natural_k^{(k-1)}, \dots, \natural_k^{(1)}\) for which the mixed partial is non-zero as a function on \(w^{-1}(S^k (X))\), generalizing a result of \textit{Y. Ônishi} for \(r=2\) [Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 48, No. 3, 705--742 (2005; Zbl 1148.14303)]. The formulas for \(\natural_k\) and \(\natural_k^{(i)}\) arise from truncations of Young diagrams associated to the Weierstrass gap sequence. An important ingredient in the proof is \textit{A. Nakayashiki}'s interpretation of \(\sigma\) in terms of Schur-Weierstrass polynomials [Asian J. Math. 14, No. 2, 175--212 (2010; Zbl 1214.14028)]. They also give a variant of their earlier inversion formulas [loc. cit.], the new formulas being expressed in terms of ratios of mixed higher partial derivatives of \(\sigma\).