Jacobi inversion on strata of the Jacobian of the \(C_{rs}\) curve \(y^r = f(x)\) (Q998931)

Let \(X\) be a smooth projective complex curve of genus \(g\). For fixed base point \(p_{0} \in X\) and basis \(\omega_{1}, \dots, \omega_{g}\) for \(H^{0}(X, K)\), the abelian integrals \((\int_{p_{0}}^{p} \omega_{1}, \dots, \int_{p_{0}}^{p} \omega_{g})\) define \(w:X \to \mathbb C^{g}\). If \(\Lambda \subset \mathbb C^{g}\) is the period lattice and \(\kappa: \mathbb C^{g} \to \mathbb C^{g}/\Lambda = J(X)\) is the projection to the Jacobian of \(X\), the map \(u=\kappa \circ w\) extends linearly to \(u:{\roman {Div}}(X) \to J(X)\). Jacobi's inversion theorem says that the restriction to \({\roman {Div}}^{g}(X)\) induces an isomorphism \(\psi: {\roman {Pic}}^{g}(X) \to J(X)\) and the Jacobi inversion problem [\textit{C. G. J. Jacobi}, J. Reine Angew. Math. 30, 183--184 (1846; ERAM 030.0861cj)] asks an explicit inverse to \(\psi\) for effective divisors: given \(u=u(P_{i}) \in J(X)\), can one give formulas for coordinates of the \(P_{i}\) in terms of \(u\)? Meanwhile \textit{G. Frobenius} and \textit{L. Stickelberger} gave nice formulas which express the group addition on elliptic curves in terms of quotients of sigma functions on the curve and the determinant of a matrix involving derivatives of the Weierstrass \(\wp\)-function [``Zur Theorie der elliptischen Functionen,'' Borchardt J. LXXXIII. 175--179 (1877; JFM 09.0347.02)]. In the case \(g=2\), \textit{H. F. Baker} used Klein's analog of Weierstrass' \(\sigma\) function to generalize the Frobenius-Stickelberger formula and also solved the Jacobi inversion problem [Am. J. Math. 20, 301--384 (1898; JFM 29.0394.03); An introduction to the theory of multiply-periodic functions. (Cambridge): University Press. (1907; JFM 38.0478.05)]. In the paper under review, the authors generalize these results to \(C_{r,s}\) curves: these are smooth curves \(X \subset \mathbb C^{2}\) with equation \[ y^{r}=x^{s}+\lambda_{s-1} x^{s-1}+ \dots + \lambda_{1} x + \lambda_{0} \] satisfying \(r<s\) and \((r,s)=1\) and can be smoothly completed by adding just one point at \(\infty\). The authors define monomials \(\phi_{k}(x,y)\) in terms of vanishing order at \(\infty\), which act as analogs of the derivatives of the Weierstrass \(\wp\)-function. Given \((P_{1}, \dots P_{k}) \in S^{k}(X - \{\infty\})\) avoiding the singular locus, they introduce functions \(\mu_{k}(x,y)=\sum \mu_{k,i} \phi_{k}(x,y)\) which vanish at the \(P_{i}\) and have a single pole of minimal order at \(\infty\). Using \(\infty\) for the base point of the map \(w\) and setting \(v = \pm w(P_{1}, \dots P_{k})\), their main theorem (Theorem 5.1) expresses the coefficients \(\mu_{k,i}\) in terms of rational expressions of \(\sigma\) functions in \(v\), which generalize formulas of \textit{V. Z. Enolski} and \textit{J. Gibbons} for the case \(r=2\) [Addition theorems on the strata of the theta divisor of genus three hyperelliptic curves, preprint, (2002)]. These expressions sometimes evaluate to \(0/0\), when they must be defined in terms of limits, which leads to results on the order of vanishing of the \(\sigma\) functions (Corollary 5.7). When \(g=2\), their theorem recovers formulas of \textit{D. Grant} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 392, 125--136 (1988; Zbl 0646.14033)] and \textit{J. Jorgenson} [Isr. J. Math. 77, 273--284 (1992; Zbl 0790.30038)]. When \(k=g\), they achieve Jacobian inversion on the strata \({\mathcal W}^{g} \subset J(X)\) (the image of the natural map \(u: S^{g} (X-\{\infty\}) \to J(X)\)) in the sense that \(\mu_{k}\) vanishes at the \(P_{i}\), explaining the title of the paper.