Jacobi inversion on strata of the Jacobian of the C_rs curve y^r = f(x)

DOI10.2969/JMSJ/06041009MaRDI QIDQ998931zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Shigeki Matsutani, Emma Previato

Publication date 30 January 2009

Published in Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1006.1090

\(C_{r inversion of abelian integrals sigma functions s}\) curves

Jacobians, Prym varieties (14H40) Riemann surfaces; Weierstrass points; gap sequences (14H55) Analytic theory of abelian varieties; abelian integrals and differentials (14K20)

Abstract: Previous work by the authors (this journal, vol{60} (2008), 1009-1044) produced equations that hold on certain loci of the Jacobian of a cyclic

C_{r s}

curve. A curve of this type generalizes elliptic curves, and the equations in question are given in terms of (Klein's) generalization of Weierstrass'

s i g m a

-function. The key tool is a matrix with entries that are polynomial in the coordinates of the affine plane model of the curve, thus can be expressed in terms of

s i g m a

and its derivatives. The key geometric loci on the Jacobian of the curve give a stratification of Brill-Noether type. The results are of the type of Riemann-Kempf singularity theorem, the methods are germane to those used by J.D. Fay, who gave vanishing tables for Riemann's

h e t a

-function and its derivatives. The main objects we use were developed by several contemporary authors, aside from the classical definitions: meromorphic differentials were expressed in terms of the coordinates mainly by V.M. Buchstaber, J.C. Eilbeck, V.Z. Enolski, D.V. Leykin, and Taylor expansions for

s i g m a

in terms of Schur polynomials also contributed by A. Nakayashiki, in terms of Sato's

a u

-function. Within this framework, following specific results for

s i g m a

-derivatives given by Y. ^Onishi, we arrive at our main results, namely statements on the vanishing on given strata of the partial derivatives of

s i g m a

indexed by Young-diagrams subsets that can be worked out in terms of the Weierstrass semigroup of the curve at its point at infinity. The combinatorial statements hold not only for Jacobians but for the stratification of Sato's infinite-dimensional Grassmann manifold as well.

Review text

Let \(X\) be a smooth projective complex curve of genus \(g\). For fixed base point \(p_{0} \in X\) and basis \(\omega_{1}, \dots, \omega_{g}\) for \(H^{0}(X, K)\), the abelian integrals \((\int_{p_{0}}^{p} \omega_{1}, \dots, \int_{p_{0}}^{p} \omega_{g})\) define \(w:X \to \mathbb C^{g}\). If \(\Lambda \subset \mathbb C^{g}\) is the period lattice and \(\kappa: \mathbb C^{g} \to \mathbb C^{g}/\Lambda = J(X)\) is the projection to the Jacobian of \(X\), the map \(u=\kappa \circ w\) extends linearly to \(u:{\roman {Div}}(X) \to J(X)\). Jacobi's inversion theorem says that the restriction to \({\roman {Div}}^{g}(X)\) induces an isomorphism \(\psi: {\roman {Pic}}^{g}(X) \to J(X)\) and the Jacobi inversion problem [\textit{C. G. J. Jacobi}, J. Reine Angew. Math. 30, 183--184 (1846; ERAM 030.0861cj)] asks an explicit inverse to \(\psi\) for effective divisors: given \(u=u(P_{i}) \in J(X)\), can one give formulas for coordinates of the \(P_{i}\) in terms of \(u\)? Meanwhile \textit{G. Frobenius} and \textit{L. Stickelberger} gave nice formulas which express the group addition on elliptic curves in terms of quotients of sigma functions on the curve and the determinant of a matrix involving derivatives of the Weierstrass \(\wp\)-function [``Zur Theorie der elliptischen Functionen, Borchardt J. LXXXIII. 175--179 (1877; JFM 09.0347.02)]. In the case \(g=2\), \textit{H. F. Baker} used Klein's analog of Weierstrass' \(\sigma\) function to generalize the Frobenius-Stickelberger formula and also solved the Jacobi inversion problem [Am. J. Math. 20, 301--384 (1898; JFM 29.0394.03); An introduction to the theory of multiply-periodic functions. (Cambridge): University Press. (1907; JFM 38.0478.05)]. In the paper under review, the authors generalize these results to \(C_{r,s}\) curves: these are smooth curves \(X \subset \mathbb C^{2}\) with equation \[ y^{r}=x^{s}+\lambda_{s-1} x^{s-1}+ \dots + \lambda_{1} x + \lambda_{0} \] satisfying \(r<s\) and \((r,s)=1\) and can be smoothly completed by adding just one point at \(\infty\). The authors define monomials \(\phi_{k}(x,y)\) in terms of vanishing order at \(\infty\), which act as analogs of the derivatives of the Weierstrass \(\wp\)-function. Given \((P_{1}, \dots P_{k}) \in S^{k}(X - \{\infty\})\) avoiding the singular locus, they introduce functions \(\mu_{k}(x,y)=\sum \mu_{k,i} \phi_{k}(x,y)\) which vanish at the \(P_{i}\) and have a single pole of minimal order at \(\infty\). Using \(\infty\) for the base point of the map \(w\) and setting \(v = \pm w(P_{1}, \dots P_{k})\), their main theorem (Theorem 5.1) expresses the coefficients \(\mu_{k,i}\) in terms of rational expressions of \(\sigma\) functions in \(v\), which generalize formulas of \textit{V. Z. Enolski} and \textit{J. Gibbons} for the case \(r=2\) [Addition theorems on the strata of the theta divisor of genus three hyperelliptic curves, preprint, (2002)]. These expressions sometimes evaluate to \(0/0\), when they must be defined in terms of limits, which leads to results on the order of vanishing of the \(\sigma\) functions (Corollary 5.7). When \(g=2\), their theorem recovers formulas of \textit{D. Grant} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 392, 125--136 (1988; Zbl 0646.14033)] and \textit{J. Jorgenson} [Isr. J. Math. 77, 273--284 (1992; Zbl 0790.30038)]. When \(k=g\), they achieve Jacobian inversion on the strata \({\mathcal W}^{g} \subset J(X)\) (the image of the natural map \(u: S^{g} (X-\{\infty\}) \to J(X)\)) in the sense that \(\mu_{k}\) vanishes at the \(P_{i}\), explaining the title of the paper.

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